Catullus ’ s ( on which see e . g . Hutchinson , ‘ The Catullan Corpus , Greek Epigram , and the Poetry of Objects ,’ The Classical Quarterly 53.1 , 2003 ).
Παῖδες τῆς φιλίης : the precise force of this phrase is a little unclear , but it is used in another Greek poem from the same collection ( no . 15 , where see notes ).
Φοῖβos : Phoebus , the god of poetry and healing , was also a sun god ; thus the discussion of his ‘ rays ’ ( αὐγαῖς ).
Εἶς … Εἶς : the first of these two words appears in the manuscript to have a rough breathing ; the second has a rough breathing which seems to have been crossed out and corrected to a smooth breathing . We believe both words should have smooth breathings in order to make grammatical sense , and that the first rough breathing is a mistake on the part of the author .
Κόσμου ὁ κόσμος : like ‘ Παῖδες τῆς φιλίης ,’ a form of this phrase is also found in no . 15 ( line 9 ). It plays on two senses of the word κόσμος , which can mean both ‘ adornment ’ and ‘ universe ’.
17 . Bull and Lion ( Anonymous ), p . 62 This is the most visually complex of the surviving Wykehamist pattern poems , and the hardest to read in any linear fashion . It is flanked by two additional and conventional epigrams . In content it is a strong piece of Jacobean anti-Catholicism , with the British King James VI & I , wearing a crown and signed with the cross , depicted as the heraldic Lion Rampant of Scotland , resisting and subduing the Papal Bull , the usual English / Latin pun on ‘ bull ’ as bulla and bos . It combines text with non-textual illustration in an integrated and inventive manner : for instance the Greek ‘ Β ’ in Βοῶ is also the left eye of the Bull , and the long ‘ s ’ of satietur helps to ‘ jump ’ the outline of the text from the Lion ’ s foot to flank . The repetitive vocabulary of the poem is also spatially correlated : cornua appears between the horns , for instance , and pedes and caput recur at feet and head respectively .
The directionality of the poem — really several separate sentiments distributed between the two animals — is complex . The Lion consists of two systems , the first (‘ Outline ’) followed clockwise around the edges , and the second (‘ Mane ’) read in vertical lines from right to left . The Bull is harder to grasp : there seems to be a block running down the back and torso , and
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