World Food Policy Table 3 . Freshwater Fish Production System ( FFPS ) Characteristics in Hai Duong
FFPS |
Integrated levels between sub-systems |
Farm household situations |
Animal husbandry |
Horticulture |
Intensive orchard — low input aquaculture ( New VAC ) |
High with closed nutrient flow of food |
Less experience in aquaculture production |
With or without small pig production ( 1 – 5 pigs / HH ), or small- to medium-scale poultry production
With or without medium pig production ( 10 – 50 pigs / HH ) or commercial poultry production
|
Large number and area of perennial trees |
Semi-intensive orchard — medium input aquaculture ( Animal + Fish production — AF ) |
Medium |
Experience in aquaculture and animal production |
|
Small number and area of perennial trees |
|
Extensive orchard high input aquaculture
( Commercial fish production — FS )
|
Low with more external supplement of food flow |
Experience in aquaculture |
Self-subsistence poultry production |
Small number of perennial trees |
Source : Discussion with key informants in the research site , 2015 .
it also provides protein at prices generally affordable to the poorer segments of the community . Most survey households responded that fish ponds have created an enterprise for self-employment , including jobs for women and children , and creates income through the sale of surplus aquaculture products . Income from employment opportunities are also possible for the people who work for larger farms , in seed supply networks , market chains , and manufacture / repair supporting services . Indirect benefits include increased availability of fish in local rural and urban markets , which leads to an increase in the local consumption of fish .
The inland aquaculture systems in Hai Duong can shed light on the previous observation of Prein ( 2002 ) that integrated aquaculture systems are diverse and have a wide range of small- to large-scale systems that are fully oriented to the market . For small-scale VAC systems , part of the production is used for subsistence purposes with some level of market involvement or communal exchange . In such systems , aquaculture enterprises are only a minor component of the farm as a whole . However , with
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