One Size Fits all or Tailor-Made? Building Appropriate Certification
Systems for Geographical Indications in Southeast Asia
南鱼露)。GI推动者集中精力注册地理标志(用以保护产品
名称,抵制假冒)后,需要决定如何控制产品达到GI规范,
获得特定品质。本文分析了东南亚四国地理标志的控制和认
证程序,这四国分别是泰国、越南、柬埔寨和老挝。同时分
析了以上国家在建立高效且适宜的控制系统时面临的挑战。
受到有机农业产地的“黄金标准”认证的影响,找到适合的
地理标志控制系统是这些国家面临的困境之一。本文探讨了
地理标志和其他农业标准间的主要差异,后者对每一项地理
标志而言都是独特的、具有内源性、且基于地方生产实践。
文章还探讨了认证结果。的确,针对地理标志,比第三方认
证更能确保GI规定得以遵循的选择方式可能要依赖生产者和
内行对产品知识的把握。
关键词:地理标志,控制,第三方认证,标准,东盟
Acknowledgments: We gratefully acknowledge financial support
from the French Development Agency (AFD) under its Project
“Promotion of Rural Development through Development of Ge-
ographical Indications at Regional Level in Asia” implemented by
FAO, which funded the “Study (diagnostics and recommendations)
to assess national GI control/certification systems and identify GI
certification options at national and regional levels”. This study was
carried out by D. Marie-Vivien, I. Vagneron, R. Cozzo, and D. Bui-
Kim in 2015. Finally, we especially thank two anonymous referees
for their extremely useful comments and suggestions .
Introduction
A
geographical indication (GI)
identifies a good as originating
in a place, where a given quality,
reputation, or any other characteristic
of the good is essentially attributable to
its geographical origin. GIs encourage
diverse agricultural, food, and handi-
craft production and contribute to the
socioeconomic dynamics of the regions
in which they are anchored. They enable
producers and operators to dedicate
themselves to the commercialization of
traditional products in response to the
demands of quality-conscious consum-
ers while promoting regional develop-
ment (Bowen 2010). The aims of the
legal protection conferred by the GI are
to protect the producers against unfair
competition and misappropriation, to
protect consumers against a misleading
description of the origin of the prod-
uct, and to foster international trade
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