WINSON COMPETITIVE GUIDE OCT2016 | Page 12

WINSON COMPETITIVE GUIDE will work? The new technique centres on a new way to interpret results of Raman spectroscopy, a common, non-destructive process that geologists use to identify chemical composition of ancient rocks. Among its suite of scientific tools, the 2020 Mars rover includes SHERLOC, an instrument that will acquire Raman spectra from samples on or just below the Mar’s surface. SHERLOC will be pivotal in determining whether life ever existed on Mars. Using it will be able to estimate the ratio of hydrogen to carbon atoms from the substructure of the peaks in Raman spectra. Scientists successfully grow three-dimensional lungs in lab using stem cells: Scientists in the United States including those of Indian origin have successfully grown three-dimensional (3D) lungs in the lab, using stem cells. The 3D lungs or organoids was created by coating tiny gel beads with lung-derived stem cells and then allowing them to self-assemble into the shapes of the air sacs found in human lungs. To show that these tiny organoids mimicked the structure of actual human lungs, researchers compared it with real sections of human lung. Significance: The laboratory-grown 3D lungs can be used to study diseases including Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) which has been difficult to study using conventional methods and also test possible treatments for the lung diseases. 12