WFP Regional Bureau for Asia and the Pacific - 2016 SPRs RBB 2016 SPRs by country | 页面 207

Standard Project Report 2016
change-related hazards alongside unforeseen economic or other household level shocks could negate the
reductions in poverty seen over the past decade. A joint household resilience survey by WFP, the United Nations
Children's Fund (UNICEF), and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), showed that 13
percent of households acquired additional debts as a result of the 2015/2016 El Niño event, increasing the overall
percentage of indebted households to nearly 50 percent. While the poor are often disproportionately affected by
shocks, near poor and middle class households are also put under considerable stress [8].
Food poverty decreased from 20 percent in 1993 to 4.1 percent in 2010 and to zero in 2014, surpassing
Cambodia's Millennium Development Goal 1 (MDG1) target. However, the newly proposed Sustainable
Development Goal (SDG) indicators, undernourishment and dietary diversity, suggest that 14 percent of households
continued to consume less than the minimum dietary energy requirement while 11.6 percent had inadequate dietary
diversity [9]. Thus, work remains to be done to end food insecurity and hunger for all.
The 2014 Cambodia Demographic Health Survey found that the stunting rate fell from 49.2 percent in 2010 to 32.4
percent in 2014; approximately half a million Cambodian children under 5 are stunted while wasting remains
unacceptably high at 9.6 percent. Stunting prevalence differs between rural (34 percent) and urban (24 percent)
children. This can be largely attributed to disparities in access to clean water and sanitation between urban and
rural areas. Stunting is also higher among children with lower educated mothers and in the poorest households.
While micronutrient deficiencies are reducing, iodine deficiency has increased, with impact on growth and cognitive
development. Two out of three children aged 6-23 months do not have access to timely, appropriate, nutritionally
adequate and safe complementary food. Total mortality rate of children under 5 is 35 per 1,000 live births of which
malnutrition contributes 12.25 percent. It is important to note that while undernutrition continues to play an important
role in determining population wellness and productivity, overnutrition is on the rise; while 14 percent of women
between 15 and 49 years of age have a body mass index (BMI) below 18.5 (thin), 18 percent are overweight
(BMI>25). This double burden is indicative of economic shifts and predicts greater challenges in the future, including
those associated with non-c