TABLE 1: Substance use and ICU stay, age 12-17 years ICU Stay Any Substance Use No Substance Use NO = 389 32 357 YES = 108 21 87
Notes: The Chi-square statistic is 11.1666. The p-value is. 000833. Of the 497 ATV crash victims aged 12-17 years, 53 were positive for ethanol and / or TCH. In this cohort 108 required ICU admission. Of the 53 positives for substance use, 21 required ICU admission( 39.6 %). Of the 444 with no substance use, 32 required ICU care( 7.2 %).
FIGURE 3: Percentage of substance use and ICU admission, by year, age 1-17 years
35.0 % 30.0 % 25.0 % 20.0 % 15.0 % 10.0 % 5.0 % 0
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2017 2016 2018 2019 2020
SU % ICU %
TABLE 2: Helmet use in first and subsequent crash, all ages |
|
Helmet Use in 1st and 2nd Episode
First Episode
Second Episode
|
n |
ICU 1st Episode |
No Helmet |
No Helmet |
28 |
10 |
No Helmet |
Helmet |
8 |
3 |
Helmet |
No Helmet |
6 |
0 |
Helmet |
Helmet |
1 |
1 |
TOTAL |
|
43 |
|
Regarding ethanol( EtOH) use, 25 of 738( 3.3 %) patients had a detectable blood alcohol content, and the youngest of these was 12 years old. Of those testing positive, 13 had levels of 0.05 % or greater. The average age of EtOH positive patients was 15.3 years; 20 of the 25( 80 %) were drivers of the vehicle. Four of 25( 16 %) reported wearing a helmet, compared to 298 of the 713( 42 %) in the negative EtOH group. By comparison, of the 84 crash victims that were 18 years old, 16( 19 %) had measurable blood EtOH concentrations, and 10 were 0.05 % or greater. In the 17-year-old age group, eight of 89( 9 %) had measurable EtOH levels and all exceeded 0.05 %.
There were nine patients who tested positive for both THC and EtOH; six were drivers of the vehicle, and only one of the nine was wearing a helmet. Six of the nine required ICU admission. Pediatric crash victims aged 12-17 years who had positive tests for EtOH and / or THC were much more likely to require intensive care( p-value =. 00083; Odds Ratio = 2.69; see Table 1), and in general, as the rates of substance use went up, the severity of injuries requiring ICU care correspondingly rose( Figure 3). Three patients tested positive for amphetamines.
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