Sex
TABLE 1 : Characteristic of Patients COV- COV + Not Tested All Patients p ( COV- vs . COV +) n = 2,057 n = 61 n = 1,452 n = 3,570
Male * 1,315 ( 63.9 ) 36 ( 59.0 ) 985 ( 67.8 ) 2,336 ( 65.4 ) Female * 742 ( 36.1 ) 25 ( 41.0 ) 467 ( 32.2 ) 1,234 ( 34.6 ) Age 53.0 ( 36.0 - 72.0 ) 50.0 ( 29.0 - 76.0 ) 48.0 ( 32.0 - 65.0 ) 51.0 ( 34.0 - 69.0 ) 0.63 SBP 140.0 ( 124.0 - 156.0 ) 130.0 ( 120.0 - 154.0 ) 138.0 ( 124.0 - 154.0 ) 140.0 ( 124.0 - 156.0 ) 0.10 Heart Rate 88.0 ( 77.0 - 101.0 ) 94.0 ( 78.0 - 107.0 ) 88.0 ( 77.0 - 101.0 ) 88.0 ( 77.0 - 101.0 ) 0.08 GCS Total 15.0 ( 15.0 - 15.0 ) 15.0 ( 14.0 - 15.0 ) 15.0 ( 15.0 - 15.0 ) 15.0 ( 15.0 - 15.0 ) 0.19 ISS 9.0 ( 5.0 - 14.0 ) 10.0 ( 5.0 - 17.0 ) 9.0 ( 5.0 - 13.0 ) 9.0 ( 5.0 - 14.0 ) 0.17 BMI 27.8 ( 23.9 - 32.8 ) 27.7 ( 23.2 - 32.0 ) 27.8 ( 24.0 - 32.6 ) 27.8 ( 23.9 - 32.6 ) 0.48 Comorbidities * Heart Disease 194 ( 9.4 ) 6 ( 9.8 ) 131 ( 9.0 ) 331 ( 9.3 ) 1.00 Lung Disease 215 ( 10.5 ) 8 ( 13.1 ) 112 ( 7.7 ) 335 ( 9.4 ) 0.65 Liver Disease 27 ( 1.3 ) 0 ( 0.0 ) 19 ( 1.3 ) 46 ( 1.3 ) 1.00 Renal Failure 55 ( 2.7 ) 1 ( 1.6 ) 30 ( 2.1 ) 86 ( 2.4 ) 1.00 Cancer 14 ( 0.7 ) 1 ( 1.6 ) 11 ( 0.8 ) 26 ( 0.7 ) 0.36 Hypertension 767 ( 37.3 ) 22 ( 36.1 ) 495 ( 34.1 ) 1,284 ( 36.0 ) 0.95 Diabetes 369 ( 17.9 ) 11 ( 18.0 ) 224 ( 15.4 ) 604 ( 16.9 ) 1.00
Coagulopathy / Anticoagulants / Antiplatelet
247 ( 12.0 ) 7 ( 11.5 ) 134 ( 9.2 ) 388 ( 10.9 ) 1.00
Dementia 119 ( 5.8 ) 6 ( 9.8 ) 34 ( 2.3 ) 159 ( 4.5 ) 0.17 Obesity 2 ( 0.1 ) 0 ( 0.0 ) 7 ( 0.5 ) 9 ( 0.3 ) 1.00 Mechanism of Injury * Motor Vehicle Crash 871 ( 42.3 ) 20 ( 32.8 ) 706 ( 48.6 ) 1,597 ( 44.7 ) 0.17 Fall 810 ( 39.4 ) 30 ( 49.2 ) 465 ( 32.0 ) 1,305 ( 36.6 ) 0.16
ED Struck = Emergency Department 119 ; N . S (. 5.8 = Not ) Significant 4 ; N ( 6.6 . A .) = Not Applicable80 ( 5.5 ) 203 ( 5.7 ) 0.78
Firearm Injury 55 ( 2.7 ) 0 ( 0.0 ) 47 ( 3.2 ) 102 ( 2.9 ) 0.41 Cut or Stabbed 42 ( 2.0 ) 1 ( 1.6 ) 42 ( 2.9 ) 85 ( 2.4 ) 1.00
Pedestrian / Pedal Cyclist
41 ( 2.0 ) 2 ( 3.3 ) 21 ( 1.4 ) 64 ( 1.8 ) 0.35
Other 119 ( 5.8 ) 4 ( 6.6 ) 91 ( 6.3 ) 214 ( 6.0 ) 0.78 * n is described as a percentage (%). Age , SBP , heart rate , GSS , ISS , BMI are median interquartile range .
COV- : Negative test for COVID-19 ; COV +: Positive test for COVID-19 ; GCS : Glasgow Coma Score ; ISS : Injury Severity Score ; BMI : Body Mass Index ; SBP : Systolic blood pressure .
on outcomes of trauma patients aged 18 years or older from March 30 , 2020 , until December 21 , 2021 , presenting to Ruby Memorial Hospital , an American College of Surgeons ( ACS ) Level I trauma center in WV . Data was collected from the John
Michael Moore Trauma Center ( JMMTC ) trauma registry . This study was approved by the WVU and Ruby Memorial Hospital ’ s Institutional Review Board ( Protocol # 2205579093 ).
The independent variable in question was COVID-19 infection on admission with the primary outcome being mortality . Secondary outcomes included length of stay , days in the intensive care unit ( ICU ), intubation rates , ventilator days , complications , read-
West Virginia Medical Journal • June 2023 • 31