8 . Eberhardt MS , Pamuk ER . The importance of place : examining health in rural and nonrural areas . Am J PublicHealth . 2004 ; 94:1682-1686 .
9 . Brown JD , Goodin AJ , Talbert JC . Rural and Appalachian Disparities in Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome Incidence and Access to Opioid Abuse Treatment . J Rural Health . 2017 .
10 . WVBMS . Medicaid Expansion . 2016 ; https :// dhhr . wv . gov / bms / medicaid % 20 expansion / Pages / default . aspx . Accessed 5 oct 2020 .
11 . Gupta R . Opioid Response Plan for the State of West Virginia . In : West Virginia Department of Health and Human Resources ; 2018 .
12 . Sanders S , C M , s B , et al . 2016 West Virginia Overdose Fatality Analysis : Healthcare Systems Utilization , Risk Factors , and Opportunities for Intervention . West Virginia Violence and Injury Prevention Center , WV DHHR ; 2017 .
13 . Kampman K , Jarvis M . American Society of Addiction Medicine ( ASAM ) national practice guideline for the use of medications in the treatment of addiction involving opioid use . Journal of addiction medicine . 2015 ; 9 ( 5 ): 358 .
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The research reported in this publication was supported by the National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number 5U54GM104942-04 . The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health .
The authors would like to thank Dr . Cathy Slemp , MD , the WV Board of Medicine , WV Osteopathic Medical Association , WV Board of Veterinary Medicine , WV Board of Optometry , WV Board of Dentistry , WV Nurses Association , WV RN Board , and WV Bureau for Public Health for their assistance in survey distribution . We would also like to thank Richard D Sorvig for help with the WV Medicaid data .
FUNDING
Hereford ’ s time and effort was supported by the National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number 5U54GM104942-04 .
West Virginia Medical Journal • September 2022 • 37