We the Italians October 5, 2015 - 69 | Page 43

th # 69 •OCTOBER 5 , 2015 the more complex types were created through casting. In a plastermould, liquid clay (the “slip”) is poured, which once dried takes on the desired shape. chambers become independent, forming two separate and simpler ovens: one for unbaked clay, another for the glazed bisque. In the last decades of the century, coal begins to replace wood. The larThe moulded pieces are gest factories in the area left to dry in stacked cylin- start fitting large “Hoffdrical boxes made with man” tunnel kilns. refractory fibers, to avoid direct contact with the fur- In the first half of the ninace flames. Once stacked neteenth century, the deand sealed with strips of corative styles employed clay, the boxes are then placed into the oven. The oldest kilns are made-up of a combustion chamber and two superimposed cooking chambers. In the highest and hottest part, the fresh pieces are placed; in the lower, less hot area, pieces that are decorated and painted, having been already baked. in Mondovì are relatively simple. A brush is used, alongside natural sponges, either cut or uncut. In the second part of the century, sponges of different types and templates, gradually supplant the brush. In the twentieth century, stencil decorations using metal friskets and airbrushes with compressed air (“a sbruffo”) start being used. The rooms are hermetically sealed with bricks and mortar, leaving some small holes (called “spyholes”) for checking the cooking. The fire burns for more than 24 hours, fed by bundles of chestnut wood. During the nineteenth century,with bigger factories and production volumes, the two firing WE THE ITALIANS | 43 www.wetheitalians.com