Water, Sewage & Effluent November-December 2017 | Page 3

Kim Kemp | Editor Water Sewage & Effluent November/December 2017 1 supervised by national ministries for what it claims is an inadequate response to the crisis. While DA leader Mmusi Maimane said that the national government has not been cooperative with the province in terms of the water crisis, and believes some ‘political ill- feeling’ is at play, national government denied those claims. Meanwhile, how many of us know that water restrictions have been in place since 2005? These were intensified in December 2015 and have been made more extreme since then. Some experts believe, however, that trying to turn the water crisis around at this point – by installing desalination plants, for example – will be too costly and that water may run out before plans are properly implemented. Critics of the local and provincial government response argue that water restrictions should have been put in place sooner and projects developed earlier. Richard Bosman, executive director of Safety and Security, wrote in the introduction to the city’s disaster plan, released the first week of October after the national water ministry asked for tighter water restrictions: “If we don’t pull together now and drive down water usage even further, we face the risk of disrupting the daily lives of our households and businesses.” The disaster plan assumes that no new water sources will become available before the next rainy season, and the disruption that officials are desperate to prevent is a total shutdown of the city’s reservoir system, which would entail no running water for homes and businesses. In this event, Cape Town plans to have the police and military guard distribute fixed amounts of water from wells, functioning taps, tanker trucks, or bottles at collection points scattered across the city. And while finger-pointing intensifies, Day Zero, when the taps literally run dry, could come by March 2018. u technology T he mood in Cape Town has grown significantly more sombre over the past few months as city officials focus public attention on the severity of the water crisis, featured in every media stream available. While the possibility of the city running out of water is a harrowing thought, the blame game is in full force. You see, 20/20 vision is only possible in retrospect. While the City of Cape Town is exploring various measures to boost access to water – including sea-based desalination, water reclamation, and groundwater abstraction projects – it is also pondering ways to access money to implement these plans. Eight months ago, the DA-led Western Cape government pushed for the province and the City of Cape Town to be declared a disaster area, while the Water and Sanitation Department dismissed the need, with Western Cape Premier Helen Zille saying that a declaration would ensure the province has funding for resources. The ANC's Cameron Dugmore argued that the province and the city had woken up too late “and must accept responsibility for a failure to manage the water crisis facing the City of Cape Town” while other ANC members scoffed that the province was merely seeking sympathy. In May this year, the City of Cape Town realised its water saving measures were not working. It therefore had to relook its plan and, finally, Zille officially declared the province a disaster area with dam levels in the Cape at a worrying 20.7% level. In fact, with the last 10% of a dam’s water mostly unusable, dam levels were effectively at 10.7%.  The city has since taken drastic measures to reduce its water consumption, from introducing Level 4 restrictions on 1 July 2017, to upping the ante to Level 5, reducing water pressure, and installing water meters for delinquent users, to thwart excessive water consumption. Despite these measures, local government response has roused national political tension, with the provincial arm of the ANC calling for Cape Town and the Western Cape to be The blame game – while CT swelters