CPD ACCREDITED ARTICLE
CPD Questions
AC/1660/17
1. What is the expected urine production in a NORMAL horse?
A. 5 - 15 ml/kg/day
B. 15-30 ml/kg/day
C. 50-60 ml/kg/day
D. 75-85 ml/kg/day
2. You examine an 8 year old Standardbred gelding with uri-
nary incontinence. What are the MOST appropriate diag-
nostic procedures that you would select to make a diag-
nosis?
A. Rectal examination, urinalysis, endoscopy, neurological
examination
B. Rectal examination, urinalysis, complete water deprivation
test
C. Rectal examination, urinalysis, partial water deprivation test
D. Rectal examination, serum electrolytes, dexamethasone
suppression test
3. A horse (B) presents with ataxia, paresis and urinary incon-
tinence of sudden onset. The same day, you have already
examined another horse (A) presenting fever and nasal
discharge on the same premises. Which of the following
diagnostic procedures would be MOST helpful to make a
diagnosis?
A. Performing a radiographic exam of the cervical region on
horse B and sampling nasal swab and whole blood on
horse A and B
B. Sampling nasal swab, whole blood and Cerebro-Spinal Flu-
id (CSF) on horse B
C. Sampling nasal swab and whole blood on horse B and
control movements of horses
D. Check for the vaccination against rabies and sample CSF
on horse B and a nasal swab on horse A
E. Check for the vaccination against West Nile virus and sam-
ple CSF, whole blood and serum on horse B and a nasal
swab on horse A
4. Which of the following is NOT considered a cause of urinary
incontinence in a horse?
A. EHV myelitis
B. Trauma (eg. Dystocia)
C. Neoplasia
D. West Nile Virus
E. Neuritis of the cauda equine (polyneuritis equi)
5. Which of the following clinical signs have been associated
with urinary incontinence in the horse?
A. Urine scalding
B. Stranguria
C. Urine dribbling
D. Hematuria
E. All of the above
6. Which of the following is NOT a recommended empirical
pharmacological therapy for urinary incontinence in the
horse?
A. Phenoxybenzamine
B. Dantrolene
C. Bethanechol
D. Phenylephrine
7. Which of the following neurological signs is consistent with
UMN urinary dysfunction?
A. Flaccid tail paralysis
B. Ataxia
C. Faecal retention,
D. Loss of anal sphincter tone
8. Which of the following causes of urinary incontinence are
associated with a good prognosis if the underlying prob-
lem is treated promptly?
A. Equine degenerative myeloencephalopathy
B. Cervical stenotic myelopathy
C. EHV-1
D. Polyneuritis equi
9. The presence of hematuria in a horse with urinary inconti-
nence may indicate the presence of:
A. Urolithiasis
B. Cystitis
C. Neoplasia
D. Bladder trauma
E. All of the above
10. You obtain a urinalysis from a horse with urinary inconti-
nence and identify pyuria. Which of the following condi-
tions is the most likely cause of the pyuria?
A. Bacterial cystitis
B. Urolithiasis
C. Trauma (e.g. bladder trauma secondary to dystocia)
D. Hypoestrogenism
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Issue 02 | APRIL 2017 | 20