Vapouround magazine Vapouround Magazine Issue 26 | Page 54

N F E R F E AT U R E S H ASK THE SCIENTIST How does chemical testing of e-liquids happen? How are e-liquids tested? How do you know how much nicotine is in your e-liquid? Columnist Richard Cunningham, PhD, explains the intricacies of chemical analysis for nicotine vape products. N icotine e-liquids come in a variety of strengths up to a maximum of 20mg per millilitre across EU states, while this can be even higher in other countries. Basically, this is the amount of nicotine in milligrams for every millilitre of liquid. For a 20mg-strength liquid in a standard 10ml bottle, there would be a total of 200mg nicotine. So how can we determine nicotine content? The simplest method for testing nicotine content is acid-base titration. This is where an acid is used to neutralise a basic solution, or vice versa, wherein by knowing the volume of liquid and its exact concentration added we can calculate the quantity of substance under study. In order to visualise the end point, which is when neutralisation has occurred, there are multiple methods available, but a simple way is through the addition of an indicator solution. One example is bromothymol blue. Under basic conditions the solution will appear 48 VM26