Vanderbilt Political Review Winter 2015 | Page 21

WINTER 2015 support a large part of its economy. It would be wiser to instead invest the same money into research and engineering for alternative energy sources that could replace oil altogether. Long-term energy independence sounds ideal, but near-complete dependency on oil will lead to serious problems in the future. While the benefits of the pipeline are overstated, the Keystone XL Pipeline will likely cause a variety of real problems. These issues include environmental, geopolitical, and political disputes that could all result in tre- FEATURE little remaining Native American lands is massive. Advocates for the Keystone XL Pipeline claim that a leak is highly unlikely, yet the current Keystone line has had 14 “spills” in the last four years, according to a US State Department report. Many of the tribes sustain themselves on the natural resources they acquire from and around the Ogallala Aquifer, and the Keystone XL Pipeline jeopardizes their survival. The pipeline also threatens the cultural and historic preservation of many Native American tribes. The pipeline bud Sioux say the U.S. government has not met its treaty obligations to ask the tribe for approval of projects that cross their territory. “The U.S. government does not consult us,” he said, noting that concerns brought to the Department of Interior and to the Department of State have been so far ignored. “We have a sovereign nation. We have our own constitution and laws here. But they violated my people’s treaty rights once again.” Native Americans have struggled to maintain their autonomy in the United States for centuries. They have been While the benefits of the pipeline are overstated, the Keystone XL Pipeline will likely cause a variety of real problems. These issues include environmental, geopolitical, and political disputes that could all result in tremendous conflicts. mendous conflicts. In addition to these controversies is the persistent question of Native American autonomy. The Keystone XL Pipeline addition will pass through a variety of Native American lands, such as the Oceti Sakowin territory in the Great Plains, one of the few larger pieces of land of which Native Americans still have control. The pipeline brings with it several complications to Native American land and people. First, the pipeline runs through the Ogallala Aquifer, which provides drinking water for 2.2 million people including many Native American tribes. According to Friends of the Earth International, in regions of Canada that are already being affected, indigenous communities “living downstream from tailing ponds have seen spikes in rates of rare cancers, renal failure, lupus, and hyperthyroidism. In the lakeside village of Fort Chipewyan, for example, 100 of the town’s 1,200 residents have died from cancer.” We are now on the verge of bringing these dangers to the United States. The threat that a leak poses to the requires digging massive paths to lay the pipeline in, many of which could destroy sacred sites. Native Americans have been relocated throughout the United States time and time again. Because of this, sacred lands such as graveyards lie in many areas not necessarily within their current borders. Although these physical conflicts with Native American lands are damaging and appalling, the most serious issue is that the nations and tribes are not being consulted with in regards to the Keystone XL Pipeline. Because of this, many Native American leaders and tribe members protested the pipeline’s construction in Washington DC. President Cyril Scott of the Rosebud Sioux told the pipeline advocates “don’t come without expecting a fight, because we will give you a fight. I am willing to spill my blood on behalf of our people.” He goes onto say that “authorizing Keystone XL is an act of war against our people.” Besides the environmental threat of the pipeline, which Scott called an “atrocity against all humans,” the Rose- treated like cattle and herded away from their traditional land. The land that they have been promised through treaties is being altered and destroyed. The Keystone XL Pipeline is causing the United States to once again take advantage of Native Americans. Lou Thompson, TransCanada’s top liaison with Native Americans, insists that even communicating with Native American tribes is not a legal obligation. These skewed views and tactics of negotiating with the Native American tribes threatens to reignite animosity with Native Americans. The Keystone XL Pipeline will bring with it monumental changes for the United States. These changes are extraordinarily hard to predict, as it will be so involved with economic, political, environmental, and physical aspects of the country. It is impossible for the Keystone XL Pipeline advocates to say that it will only bring with it benefits, as the thought of the project has already enraged tens of thousands. With the benefits so uncertain, it is both immoral and unwise for the United States to take advantage of Native Americans again. 21