TECH TALK
GHGs from Transportation
ed for first , due to the large volumes in any given industrial space .
Fugitive emission leak detection and repair programs today involve periodic inspections of process equipment which can include the following methods :
• FID , PID detector – EPA Method 21 – detect gases from < 1 meter from sources ,
• Optical Gas Imaging ( OGI ) / Infrared imaging technology – detect gases 1-20 meters from sources ,
• Differential Absorption Lidar ( DIAL ) technology – detect gases ~ 200 meters from sources ,
• Drones .
Increased frequency of leak detection , near real-time , and improved valve leak reduction technologywill lead to fewer fugitive emissions in the environment and less product loss .
Conclusion
Figure 3 : Source : Transportation to 2050 : A strategy to decarbonize the global transport sector by 2050 , explained | International Council on Clean Transportation ( theicct . org ).
Opportunities to Reduce GHGs from Industry / Manufacturing
According to the U . S . Environmental Protection Agency ( EPA ), sources of fugitives are :
• flaring (~ 35 %),
As industries look to improve their environmental & sustainability performance , including reductions in fugitive emissions across all areas of production , it is imperative that professionals and technicians stay up-to-date and informed of new research and technologies available to drive reductions in GHGs .
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Opportunity
Energy
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GHG Scope 1 ( Direct ) |
GHG Scope 2 ( Indirect ) |
Tactics
• Heat Integration
• Improve Boiler Efficiency
• Improve Rotating Equipment Efficiency
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Notes
Reduce GHGs by reducing energy use
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• coke drum vent (~ 25 %),
• furnace stacks (~ 20 %),
• equipment leaks (~ 20 %).
Mitigating fugitive emissions should be prioritized based on size , concentration , and type of emission , with valves account-
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REFERENCES
1 . China , India , Japan , Russia , United States | Total including LUCF | Greenhouse Gas ( GHG ) Emissions | Climate Watch ( climatewatchdata . org ); European Union ( 27 ), World | Total including LUCF | Greenhouse Gas ( GHG ) Emissions | Climate Watch ( climatewatchdata . org )
2 . International Energy Agency .
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Efficiency |
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Capture CO 2 from source stack |
Requires compression & high-pressure pipeline transport of captured CO 2 to sequestration well / sink |
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Post Combustion |
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Not
Applicable
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Electrolyze water to produce hydrogen with “ renewable ” electricity sourced from :
• Solar , Wind - Intermittent
• Hydroelectric , Geothermal
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• High electricity and water use
• Requires energy storage ( battery ) for ratable supply of electricity and hydrogen
• Needs significant infrastructure and regulatory support
|
|
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CO 2 Capture / Sequestration |
Not Applicable |
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Electricity sourced from :
• Solar , Wind
• Hydroelectric , Geothermal
|
Need additional power source ( battery , natural gas ) for wind & solar due to variable weather |
|
|
|
|
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• Biogas |
|
|
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Expected GHG decrease Expected GHG increase . Chart 2 . Source : ipcc _ wg3 _ ar5 _ chapter8 . pdf .
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
With 38 years of experience in the energy industry , Tim Goedeker , Senior Principal Environmental Consultant for Phillips 66 , knows the value of experience and the importance of innovation . Starting his career as a Process Engineer in the oil refining sector and moving into the environmental side of the business , Tim has a vast knowledge and understanding of this ever evolving industry .
Read Part 1 of this article in the August 2022 issue of Valve World Americas to learn about the other three primary sources of GHGs .
14 Valve World Americas | September 2022 • www . valve-world-americas . net