Prepared By: Idris KOUADRI BOUDJELTHIA
LOGICAL FELLACIES
Prepared By: Idris KOUADRI BOUDJELTHIA
Because other species are physically superior compared to us, and in order to survive, we trained our ability to think, that’ s our trait as humans, to think properly. That’ s how we developed logic.
As students, we make this wrong reasoning in mathematics when we reverse between the implication and equivalence statements. You can always move forward in reasoning, but the opposite isn’ t available all the time.
Logic is studying the different forms of arguments and decide what’ s true and what’ s not, but due to the imperfection of our mind we started to make some wrong arguments, we call them“ logical fallacies” and here’ s some of the most used ones in life generally and science especially.
Non-sequitur( Latin for“ it does not follow”): a logical fallacy where the conclusion doesn’ t follow our premises, so the conclusion may be true or false but the reasoning isn’ t going to be true, it’ s like making a leap without giving any sense of logic. For example: I live in Algeria therefore I live in Africa, If I don’ t live in Algeria so I don’ t live in Africa. And you can see that this is totally wrong.
Correlation does not imply causation A state said that a correlation between two variables does not imply that one causes the other.“ Zlabia is a famous dessert, its sales increase in Ramadan when a lot of people have health problems, if you’ re one of the leaders of this fallacy then you will probably say that Zlabia caused health problems” such a simple example to show how bad it leads us. Sciences are based on a chain of reasoning by studying the causes and consequences of a particular phenomenon depending on different variables, as future researchers I believe that we must focus on the links between causes and consequences, to make sure it’ s rational and direct.
Argument from authority Considering what’ s correct and what’ s wrong based on what experienced people said is the idea of this fallacy. A famous scientist says that Earth is flat doesn’ t make the Earth flat and you can say the same about it if he said something else about it, we’ re human beings and human beings aren’ t perfect, we make bad and wrong reasoning many times so why should you believe that something is true just because a scientist said it?. It doesn’ t matter what scientists say about scientific theories, the evidences they give are the important part of any of their work. Evidences rule the world.
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