Anatomy
The urinary bladder stores urine until it is expelled from the body. The bladder is located in the pelvic cavity.
The urethra is a small tube that extends from the urinary blad- der to an external opening.
The kidneys are paired, bean-shaped, reddish-brown organs located near the small of the back in the lumbar region on either side of the vertebral column.
The ureters conduct urine from the kidneys to the blad- der. They are small, muscular tubes about 25 cm long and 5 mm in diameter. Each descends behind the peritoneum, from the hilum of a kidney, to enter the bladder at its dorsal surface.
Renal artery which deliver blood to different areas of the kidneys, known as nephrons.
Renal vein These veins also are responsible for draining blood from the ureter, which moves urine away from the kidneys to the urinary bladder.
Aorta carry blood to the kidneys while veins move the blood away.
Inferior vena cava is a vein that carries blood from the lower body to the heart. This vein carries de-oxygenated blood. De-oxygenated blood means most of the oxygen has been removed by tissues and the blood is darker.
5