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residence rights in countries in
which mobility to other nations is
guaranteed and taxes are low. The
evidence shows that mobile high
wealth individuals tend to prefer
high-income, advanced economies
with solid institutions. 这些项目不仅使得高净值个人能够
便捷地获得主办国的永久居民和公
民身份, 还以特殊政府债券、房地
产投资和银行账户存款等形式为该
国带来了资金。此外, 对大量国家
的免签出行更是投资移民项目的一
大卖点。
In addition, small nations (often
islands) and special jurisdictions
that offer generous investment
migration schemes also attract
high wealth individuals. 1 规模、地理位置和高净值个
人的移动性
These regimes provide special
advantages to acquire permanent
residence and citizenship in the
host country in exchange for
capital contributions to special
government funds, the acquisition
of real estate and the opening
of bank accounts. In addition,
free entry to a large number of
countries is an attractive feature of
investment migration schemes.
SIZE, GEOGRAPHICAL
LOCATION AND MOBILITY
OF THE WEALTHY
It is estimated that in 2017 there
were in the world economy
around 36 million “high-net worth
individuals, HNWIs”, defined as
people with net assets above one
million dollars. 2 As an illustrative
example, let us create a fictitious
country called “wealthystan”
populated only by millionaires
(HNWIs). In this case, that country
would have a total population
roughly equivalent to that of
Canada.
This would be a very rich country
whose inhabitants control near 45
percent of global personal wealth,
although its population would
comprise only 0.5 percent of world
population.
Nevertheless, wealthystan would
not be an egalitarian society.
Rather, it is a highly socially
stratified nation according to the
levels of wealth of their citizens:
the estimates show that 31.3
million individuals (87 percent of
据估计, 2017年全世界范围内高净
值个人数量约达到了3600万人, “
高净值个人” 通常指净资产超过
100万美元的个人。 2
形象举例来说, 若世界上有一个
“富人国”, 国民全部都是百万富翁(
高净值个人), 那么这个国家的总人
口将与加拿大人口相当。这个国家
将会非常富有，虽然人口总数仅为
全球总人口的0.5%, 但其国民却持
有全球45%的资产。
然而, 富人国将不会是一个平等社
会, 它是一个基于公民的财富等级
而高度阶级化的国家: 其中3130万
人 (总人口的87%) 的个人净值在
100万美元到500万美元之间，约
15万人将会是“超高净值个人”
(个人净资产超过5000万美元),
5700人为亿万富翁 (个人净资产超
过5亿美元), 2252人的净资产将超
过10亿美元。 3 这个假想国的财富
集中程度非常高。
就现实生活中的国家而言, 百万富
翁/高净值个人多集中于美国, 美国
拥有全球43%的百万富翁, 日本的
百万富翁人数占全球7%, 英国占
6%, 法国、德国和中国各占5%。
此外, 若进一步划分财富等级, 以
下四个国家的超高净值个人 (净资
产超过5000万美元) 人数最多: 美
国(72000人)、中国 (18100人)、德
国 (7200人) 和英国 (4200人)。 4
除中国外, 其余三个国家都拥有成
熟的资本主义经济体系。
高净值个人的流出和流入
高净值个人的国际移动性近年来正
在逐渐增加。财富管理和国际房地
产公司的调查数据显示, 5 2017年
约95000名高净值个人移居海外,
2016年这个数字为82000, 2015
年为65000。 6 2017年度最受高净
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