From wikipedia
Frederick II (26 December 11 94 – 1 3 December 1 250; Sicilian:
monarchy from 1 21 5. As such, he
was King of Germany, of Italy, and
of Burgundy. At the age of three, he
was crowned King of Sicily as a co-
ruler with his mother, Constance of
Hauteville, the daughter of Roger II
of Sicily. His other royal title was
King of Jerusalem by virtue of
marriage and his connection with
the Sixth Crusade.
He was frequently at war with the
papacy, hemmed in between
Frederick's lands in northern Italy
and his Kingdom of Sicily (the
Regno) to the south, and thus he
was excommunicated four times
and often vilified in pro-papal
chronicles of the time and since.
Pope Gregory IX went so far as to
call him an Antichrist.
Speaking six languages (Latin,
Sicilian, German, French, Greek
and Arabic[3]), Frederick was an
avid patron of science and the arts.
He played a major role in promoting
literature through the Sicilian School
of poetry. His Sicilian royal court in
Palermo, from around 1 220 to his
death, saw the first use of a literary
form of an Italo-Romance language,
Sicilian. The poetry that emanated
Viewing himself as a direct successor to the Roman emperors of from the school had a significant
antiquity,[2] he was Emperor of the Romans from his papal influence on literature and on what
coronation in 1 220 until his death; he was also a claimant to the was to become the modern Italian
title of King of the Romans from 1 21 2 and unopposed holder of that language.[4] [continue on wikipedia]
Fidiricu, German: Friedrich) was a Holy Roman Emperor, King of
the Romans, King of Sicily and King of Jerusalem from the
Hohenstaufen dynasty during the Middle Ages. His reign saw the
Holy Roman Empire reaching its all time territorial peak. His
political and cultural ambitions were enormous as he ruled a vast
area beginning with Sicily and stretching through Italy all the way
north to Germany. As the Crusades succeeded, he acquired control
of Jerusalem and styled himself as its king. However, the Papacy
was his enemy and as time went by it eventually prevailed. His
dynasty collapsed soon after his death.