Trends Winter 2018 | Page 22

in the world for controlled laboratory testing in various hydraulic environments,” said Paul Clopper, director of applied technology in Ayres’ Fort Collins office. “It’s extremely valuable to have this world-class hydraulic modeling laboratory 15 minutes away from our office. It’s a huge advantage to our clients to have us and CSU right in the same town.” Back in 1987, CSU and Ayres collaborated to create a physical model of the Schoharie Creek Bridge near Fort Hunter, New York, which collapsed in April 1987 due to bridge scour. Ten people died in the collapse. “That catastrophe really was the impetus for the nationwide scour assessment program that FHWA administers,” Clopper said. Ayres’ engineers, including Pete Lagasse and Jim Schall – both of whom have doctorates in engineering from CSU – worked with CSU hydraulic engineers to create a scale model and analyze it in the CSU indoor flume. “By demonstrating the method of scour by which this bridge failed, we, as part of the National Transportation Safety Board’s forensic investigation team, were able to identify the probable cause of the failure for the NTSB’s investigation report,” Lagasse said. The effort to repair, protect, or replace all bridges with similar problems continues today, more than 30 years later. Most recently, Clopper and Lagasse led an NCHRP research project aimed at improving design criteria for environmentally sensitive bank stabilization and protection measures. The study compared “hard” engineered and “soft” vegetative bank protection measures in a laboratory setting to mimic real stream conditions. Small willow cuttings were grown for about seven months in a 20,000-square-foot CSU greenhouse. Then 20-foot-long, 15-ton “planter trays” of willows were placed in CSU’s research flume. In August and September 2014 water was run through the flume – and over the willows – at high flow rates (50, 100, and 150 cubic feet per second) to test how well the willows protected the soil in which they were rooted. These tests provided design guidance for the “soft” erosion protection techniques that are preferred by many environmental agencies. Engineers and academics alike get their hands dirty – literally – on these applied research projects. “On the streambank project we were arm-deep in mud figuring out the best way to do it,” said Chris Thornton, director of the hydraulics lab. “The staff at Ayres wear boots when they come to see us.” Between five and 15 master’s degree students and 10 to 20 undergraduate students work at the lab at any given time. The students build models, shovel rock, collect data, and ultimately use the project information in their own research reports. “It’s invaluable for students,” Thornton said, “not only the 22│ TRENDS