Trends Winter 2009 | Page 9

Aerial imagery integrated with a 3-D terrain model, along with proposed turbine locations, can provide a perspective view of a wind farm’s future landscape. RES also needs to have all existing infrastructure on the land – houses, barns, roads, transmission lines – identified through ALTA surveys. Horton said this is particularly important for any third-party encumbrances such as pipelines and oil or gas wells. In addition to legal clarity of all conditions, encroachments, and encumbrances of the wind developer’s leased land, ALTA surveys provide base mapping for planning, design, crossing agreements, and construction. Ayres Associates will be refreshing the ALTA surveys for RES periodically because the surveys have a shelf life of about six months. Providing a better view From his office in Madison, Wisconsin, Andy Selk, a geographic information system (GIS) analyst at the wind power development company EcoEnergy, can view imagery of a wind farm project site on his computer screen. The area – more than a four-hour drive away – is near the southeastern Minnesota town of Harmony. The 6-inch resolution imagery has been ortho-rectified, meaning it can be u sed for accurately measuring distances. It’s also highly detailed. Selk said distinguishing ground features is extremely important in planning a wind farm. He can zoom in and clearly make out transmission lines and poles, houses, cars, barns – “even the cows,” he said. The imagery isn’t just for GIS staff. According to Selk, electrical engineering staff and environmental consultants also find it useful. Although imagery exists online from the public domain, Selk said, “you never know what you’re going to get.” Working with Ayres Associates, EcoEnergy opted for the first time to acquire up-to-date, project-specific high-resolution orthoimagery. EcoEnergy also acquired LiDAR-derived topographic data, which provides 3-D imagery of 2-foot surface contours. (LiDAR, or light detection and ranging, is a technology that uses light beams emitted from an instrument on an aircraft to collect high-accuracy ground elevation data.) According to EcoEnergy project manager Don Miller, the firm has used the 3-D topographic data in preliminary substation siting and to identify sinkholes – common formations in the area’s karstic topography. Miller anticipates the 3-D imagery being used even more for setting grades for roads and determining turbine locations. Selk made clear that site visits are necessary for verification in project planning, but said it’s unrealistic to think that project designers can drive to the project area daily. And as he explained, “They won’t need to because they’ll have high-quality imagery and data at their fingertips.” TRENDS | 9