Drugs can change the way in which people engage in sexual behaviour, sometimes altering and impairing one’ s judgment and understanding of their surroundings, blurring sexual boundaries and, in some cases, leading to memory loss. Many studies show that injection drug users and young people who have consumed alcohol during sex have inconsistent condom usage. Drug use can also further complicate issues of sexual assault. Drugs such as cocaine, crack, heroin, and ATS have also been associated with increased sexual health risks. Studies show that ATS, cocaine and crack use are linked with inconsistent safer sex practices.
A World Health Organisation study of injection drug use in cities such as Rome and Rio de Janeiro revealed that the percentage of IDU who never use condoms ranges from 50 % to 82 %. While abstinence may be the most effective way of reducing both drug-related and sex-related risks, for many young people abstinence is not a realistic option. As with drug use, harm reduction programs must recognise that young people engage in sexual activities and may use drugs while doing so.
The intersection between harm reduction, sexual health and drug use is important because it acknowledges the issues that young people face and provides realistic approaches to dealing with such issues. Harm reduction programmes are supportive and enable young people to make decisions that fit their needs and experiences. Harm reduction tools may be used to mitigate sexual risks and can play a significant role in HIV and STI prevention. Young people need access to information and comprehensive education about drug use and the effects of drugs on their perception and risk, allowing them to learn ways to keep themselves protected while engaging in sexual activities and drug use.