Tone Report Weekly Issue 108 | Page 37

Fuzz and Compression I’m not sure about who the first engineer was to accidentally redline a console preamp, but I can almost guarantee that it was an accident, and it was early enough in recording history to where it was discarded for the first several years of its life. For the uninitiated, “redlining” is what happens when an audio input is fed too much signal to process cleanly. The term itself refers to a VU meter comprised of colored LEDs. When the input signal is at its maximum, the red LED is illuminated, and the channel has been redlined. This is also the process that happens over years and years that makes sound guys so grumpy, because guitarists soundcheck with their guitars’ volume knobs on eight, then flip it to 10 when the music starts. By employing this trick, players may have participated in redlining a console and not even known it. When something is intentionally and ridiculously redlined, though, something magical happens—fuzz. If it’s only slightly redlined, overdrive happens. Magical, yes, but amps do that anyway. Many of us first experienced redlining on old Tascam and Fostex four-track cassette recordings. Running the input volume high on these devices created a magical fuzz effect—so much so that Mid-Fi Electronics created the Demo Tape Fuzz, explicitly designed to simulate redlining a four-track tape machine. A similar effect is produced on the Electro-Harmonix Holiest Grail reverb, as there’s an Input Gain slider, and running it super hot results in an ampmelting fuzz tone. The secret to modern cassette fuzz lies in the past—specifically in the 1970s. ToneReport.com 37