Celtic Term:
800BC - 400AD
Roman Term:
50BC - 410AD
Saxon Term:
350AD - 1000AD
Viking Term:
750A - 1100AD
Aber: River mouth or ford
Caster: Fort; Camp; Later town
Bourne: Stream
Akr: Acre
Afon: River
Cester: Fort; Camp; Later town
Burn: Stream
Beck: Stream
Allt: Hillside
Chester: Fort; Camp; Later town
Burg: Large village
Booth: Summer pasture
Avon; Esk; Eye; Dee: River
Fos (s): Ditch
Bury: Fortified place
By: Farm; Village
Bedd: Grave
Port: Harbour; Gate
Croft: Small enclosure
Ey: Island
Bre-; Drum; Don: Hill
Street: Paved way
Cot: Small hut
Fell; How: Hill or mound
Caer: Fortress
Delph: Ditch, dyke or stream
Fiord: Fiord
Capel: Chapel
Den(n): Pig pasture
Fiskr: Fish
Carnedd: Cairn
Eg; Ey; Ea; Eig: Island
Gardr: Yard; landing place
Castell: Castle
Fall: Area cleared of trees
Garth: Enclosure
Coed: Wood
Fen: Fen
Gate: Road
Cwm: Valley
Field: Field
Geit: Goat
Dinas: City
Ford: Shallow river crossing
Gill: Ravine or valley
Glan: River Bank
Halh: Remote recess / nook / valley
Holm(r): Island
Hamps: Dry stream in Summer
(modern hall)
Hus: House
Llan: Church
Ham: Village
Ings: Marsh; meadow
Llyn: Lake
Hay/Hey: Animal feeding stalls
Kald: Cold
Mawr: Big
Hurst: Wood
Kelda: Spring, stream
Môr: Sea
Ing: People
Kirk: Church
Mynydd: Mountain
Lake: Lake
Laithe: Barn
Os: God
Ley; Lea: Clearing
Lin: Flax
Pant: Hollow
Mere/Mer/Mar: Pool
Lund: Grove
Pen; Bryn: Hill; Head
Moor: Moor
Melr: Sandbank
Plas: Palace
Moss: Swamp
Orme: Serpent
Pont; Bont: Bridge
Ney: Island
Pollr: Pool
Porth: Harbour
Riding; Rod: Cleared land
Skar: Cleft
Tre: Hamlet; Village; Town
Stead: place
Sker: Rock
Stoc: Summer pasture
Slack: Stream in a valley
Stoke: 'Daughter' settlement
Stakkr: Rock in the sea
Stow: Holy Place
Stan: Stone
Ton; Tun: House; Farm
Stokkr: Sound
Weald; Wold: High Woodland
Tarn: Lake
Wic; Wike: Farm; Group of huts
Thorp: Daughter settlement
Wood: Wood
Thwaite: Forest clearing; meadow
Worth: Fenced land
Toft: Homestead
Treath: Beach
Ynys: Island
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Worthy: Enclosed land
Wath: Ford
Wray: Remote place
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