ix. Foster et al.( 2012)
Fig. 9. pCO 2 reconstructions( top panel) versus carbon isotopes and Columbia basalt volcanic eruption rate( bottom panels) from Foster et al.( 2012) for the period 11-17 Ma. Red line added.
The new data( dark blue) are from boron isotopes in foraminifera using the same general approach as Pearson et al.( 2009) and Seki et al.( 2010). The data are shown against some earlier reconstructions of the period( green and red symbols). Note that while there is more structure in this record than older data( alkenone and boron), all the new data points are below the 400 ppm value, even in the warmest part of the Miocene epoch.