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[ A L G O R I T H M I C simply don’t trade enough with them to make serving them worth- while. While this situation was allowed to exist in the past, a more challenging business climate for investment banks means many now need to rationalise their client lists. Among the smaller funds in particular, many now only rely on a single broker to provide their algorithms. While this may be a tolerable situation for the time be- ing, when MiFID II is introduced early next year, it could cause prob- lems with meeting best execution requirements when you only have access to a very limited pool of algorithmic trading options. The same trend can be clearly seen when looking at the pro- portion of firms using different numbers of providers seen in Fig 4. While the percentage using five or more providers increased considerably from 40.5% in 2015 to 54.5% last year, but this has now fallen back even harder in 2017 to 34.9%. The particularly large shift seen here is likely reflective of the mix of buy-siders reducing their broker relationships voluntarily and those with whom the sell-side is forcibly cutting ties. It has not been unknown for asset managers to use as many as 10 different bro- kers (sometimes even more than that) but realistically, with such a large broker pool, the amount of business some brokers receive must be minimal and in many cases the relationship may only exist to give the asset manager an addition- al pool of analyst research to draw from. Both best execution and unbundling rules that will be part of MiFID II clearly make this situa- tion unsustainable for both sides of the Street. However, using five or more brokers still makes up more than a third of firms, and more than any other category, indicating firms remain relatively diversified. While there are less firms using 5+ brokers, there has of course also been an increase in the proportion using fewer brokers. Significant- ly, the percentage of firms using only one or two algo providers has reached 34%, only just short of the proportion using five or more, “Regulators are now attempting to push other asset classes such as fixed income into the electronic and automated space.” showing that many more firms are now making do with only a very limited selection. As alluded to above, this could pose problems for the future if firms narrow their broker selection too much and risk missing out on best execution opportunities. CROSSHEAD While provider numbers may be on a downward trend, one area which never ceases to head upwards is the proportion of trades handled by algorithms. The number of firms trading 40% or more of their value through algorithms has rocketed in recent years and 2017 is no excep- tion. While back in 2015 only 24% of firms traded such a significant proportion of their securities via T R A D I N G S U R V E Y ] algo, this has steadily grown to 34.3% in 2016 and 43.3% this year. It seems almost inevitable that the continued march of technol- ogy would push ever increasing volumes of trades to be execut- ed through algorithms. Traders are becoming more comfortable with the technology now and are gaining more experience, meaning they are now more able to make the most of the algo tools on offer. It’s also true that both asset man- agers and brokers have seen their resources strained and, in these circumstances, it makes sense to let an algorithm deal with much of the day-to-day trading activity so that a human trader’s time can be spent on more complex or sensitive orders. The real question is, have we peaked? It certainly doesn’t seem like the growth in electronic and algorithmic trading is set to slow down any time soon and reg- ulators are now attempting to push other asset classes such as fixed income into the electronic and automated space as equities was in the past. Given the circumstances, The TRADE expects algo trading number to continue to grow in 2018. The only potential stumbling block is a greater expectation by regulators that buy-side traders have a comprehensive under- standing of how the algos they use actually work, but this is unlikely to put anyone off using algos, it will simply increase the onus on brokers and the buy-side to make sure traders are well trained. Interestingly, the area which has shrunk the fastest is those firms trading from 30-40% of their vol- ume via algo. This has gone from Issue 51 TheTradeNews.com 71