The Specialist Forum May 2017 | Page 31

www.specialistforum.co.za ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION of causes of ED are not due to low testosterone. If the patient is well known to the physician and the problem is clearly not related to libido or ejaculatory disorders, and there are other contributing factors that can account for the ED, these tests can be ordered on an individual basis. If there is any evidence of hypogonadism or the dysfunction is particularly consistent at a young age, then further hormone evaluation is obligatory. Management counselling Because ED often has a psychological component, patient or couple counselling may help reduce anxiety and overcome the condition. This therapy is sometimes used in combination with other treatments as directed by the practitioner. Lifestyle modification Making healthy lifestyle changes may reduce the symptoms of ED and improve general physical health. Patients should understand that lifestyle habits that negatively affect the heart and the peripheral vascular system or the nervous system will also negatively affect the penis. Recommended lifestyle changes: » Stop smoking » Reduce fat and cholesterol in diet » Increase exercise » Lose weight if overweight » Comply with prescribed diabetes and cardiovascular medication regimens » Reduce stress Changing medication regimens to remove causative agents is an option when good alternatives are available and/ or the clinical situation permits pharmacologic adjustments. Medication changes must be individualised depending upon the specific clinical circumstances. Specific treatment regimens for ED are varied; they include oral The Specialist Forum | Vol. 17 No. 4 medications, transurethral suppositories, intracavernosal injection, vacuum devices, and surgery. Oral medications The most effective and useful drugs available are inhibitors of phosphodiesterase type V, an enzyme present predominantly in the penile smooth muscles and responsible for vaso