in multiple groups for larger numbers of hens . These are usually made of wood , and should measure approximately 30 cm on all sides , with a nest floor area of about 0.1 m 2 .
� . Feed troughs should provide 10cm / bird or more . Hanging adjustable feeders are ideal for up to 20 birds / feeder . In both intensive and semi-intensive systems , laying hens need constant access to food and water , and feeders should be distributed evenly throughout the chicken house . In the semi intensive system , birds scavenge during the day , mostly for protein ( from such sources as insects , worms and larva ), minerals ( from stones , grits and shells ), and vitamins ( from leafy greens , oil palm , and nuts ), but energy supplements such as maize , sorghum and millet are important for higher productivity and should be given .
A good feeder should be :
Ω Durable enough to withstand frequent cleaning ;
Ω Stable enough not to be knocked over ;
Ω Of the correct height and depth ;
Ω
Bird proof ( such that birds cannot get into it or roost in it ); and
Ω Equipped with a lip to prevent birds from spooning feed out onto the floor with their beaks .
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