The Physiology of Fitness physiology | Page 6

Phosphate energy system
For can be used . This energy system requires about 30 to 90 seconds of rest for a full recovery this is due to the absence of oxygen which is a disadvantage because time is needed to recover . Phosphocreatine , also known as creatine phosphate , is an energy source for muscle contraction naturally present in the muscle tissue of humans , it allows the muscles to have explosive power as it causes the muscles to contact very quickly , but it can only last between eight to 12 seconds .
Lactic acid energy system
This is the short-term energy system . To meet energy requirements for higher intensity over a long period such as sprinting in football so this is a big advantage , ATP can be made by the partial breakdown of glucose and glycogen this is an anaerobic process and therefore is not sustainable over a long duration . Around 60 to 90 seconds of maximal work is possible using this system this is a disadvantage due to a short period of work allowed .
Aerobic energy system
This is the long-term energy system , glycogen and fatty acids break down to yield large amounts of ATP . When playing rugby they need to use this energy system cause they are working for long periods of time without rest as long , continuous and moderate exercise produces energy using this system the advantage if this is that it can keep the athlete working for long periods of time , a negative is the recovery time as it can take hours to have a full recovery depending on fitness levels . The Krebs cycle is the sequence of reactions by which most living cells generate energy during the process of aerobic respiration . It takes place in the mitochondria , using up oxygen and producing carbon dioxide and water as waste product . An electron transport chain is a series of complexes that transfer electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors so it can release energy from the ATP .
ATP stands for adenosine triphosphate and it ’ s how we use energy , ATP is the energy currency of life and is in every cell of the body . In order for us to blink and think , we need the energy that ATP supplies to our cells . ATP is responsible for the energy needed to perform muscle contractions , nerve impulses , metabolism functions , and many other body functions . ATP gets its energy by breaking down food . It is created in the mitochondria to be readied for the cells of the body . The energy used by human cells requires the hydrolysis of 100 to 150 moles of ATP daily which is around 50 to 75 kg . A human will typically use up to their body weight of ATP over the course of the day .