The Observer Issue 16 | Página 6

Comment & Analysis 6 - 08 December 2013 - The Observer Mandela legacy – peace Sycophantic praises & Tokwe Mukosi: Tragedy, Colonial but poverty for blacks bootlicking: the curse Mandela: Capitalism Legacies and Disaster of African politics 6 - 9 March 2014 - The Observer Comment & Opinion Comment: COMMENT acceptance that in its sparring with thenpresident FW de Klerk in the early 1990s, the ANC under Mandela, a self-confessed economic N the 10 years after he withdrew from novice, focused too much on the quest for Silence Chihuri Nelson Mandela divided his time political comes up with the most endearing superlatives. see who rather than economic power. public life, Commentalways Analysis & the ANC’s stance OR a mansion in countries have more or OfIn less there are terms, rewards to be racked in decades our one of Johannesburg’s course polite between less, and rather his ancestral home in through this unhelpful, distasteful and the dinne r wealthiest suburbs andsimilarly, all suffered from translated into a quip popular at sometime really Qunu, a the samein Southperpetual bad governance, parties of wealthy of sycophantic give them the village kind of Africa’s impoverished nauseating flurry whites: “We’ll and bootlicking eastern Cape. corruption, nepotism, dictatorship, impunity vote but because the loudest and most avid cheerleaders activities keep the banks.” Gumede, a professor at Wits The contrast could not have been starker. lack areWilliam entrusted with responsibilities that are and general incompetence. There is a disturbing always In one, his neighbours were cast in the Business School in Johannesburg, said it was of accountability and transparency at the core of our commensurately disproportionate to their capabilities. image of the white “Rand Lords”, the mining wrong to argue that Mandela sold out. governance systems that borders built the sprawling The sad outcome from this negotiations affairs “However, the economic pathetic state ofwere magnates and bankers who on the arrogance of those inand Africa’s who often behave likefrom own not as we have in the political ones,” he said. office city - public office biggest economy - they the is that robust as its sparring with leaders in acceptance that perpetually incompetent thenBY REUTERS presidentare somehow glib acceptance among most in “There was a sustained through a system vast gold reserves in they rule. the countries and people the rock beneath their feet. who FW de Klerk in the early 1990s, the of stageANC under Mandela, self-confessed economic In the other, they were black peasant farmers the ANCstunts allathey not in any way help our people managed that that do needed to do was capture much on N the 10 years after he withdrew from novice, focused too and then the quest for living in thatched “rondavel” huts and eking out political power, Everything they could transform in any long term. revolves public life, Nelson Mandela divided his time political rather than economic power. around the leader the economy. terms, simplistic stance a living onawindswept one of Johannesburg’sthat In less polite It was a the ANC’sargument, and hillsides in scenes between mansion in and those around him are in return adequately rewarded have hardly changed his ancestral home in translated into a Mandela argument.” wealthiest suburbs andin centuries, let alone the it was also thequip popular at their dinner are wide for keeping their eyes shut while the mouths two decades since the end of apartheid. of wealthy whites: “We’ll give them the Qunu, a village in South Africa’s impoverished parties South Africa and the world watched in awe vote openkeep the banks.”the 1990, Mandela left Cape but and February eastern Cape. While few query Mandela’s achievement when, oncheering all 11, way through the oft life-terms of their Gumede, a prison and Wits Town’s “idols”. in The contrast couldAfrica back from the brink William Victor Versterprofessor atraised his fist dragging South not have been starker. In one, his neighbours 1990s cast in the Business Schoolthe crowds asof praise rather than actual were and brokering in salute to ofin Johannesburg,stepped was on his of civil war in the early Because this system he said it out image of the white “Rand Lords”, the mining wrong to argue that Mandela sold out. a peaceful end to three centuries of white and the nation’s “Long Walk to Freedom” - the performance economic negotiations were “However, the appraisal neither the leaders nor their magnates and bankers who built the sprawling dominance, tougher questions are being asked as robust as the political autobiography. city - and Africa’s biggest economy - from the not title of his subsequent efficient execution of duties cheerleader care about ones,” he said. The start of momentous political transition, of gold reserves in the rock beneath “There was a glibaacceptance among most in all benefit vastthe country he leaves behind. their feet. because either way, they are all rewarded. They Despite more were black peasant farmers the it was also a key moment do was capture In the other, theythan 10 years of affirmative ANC that all they needed to in the evolution of a out power, and both the only transform living into redress the balance under the banner cult the arrangement andat home people who suffer are action thatched “rondavel” huts and eking out political of Mandelathen they could and abroad. a living on windswept God ... Nelsonscenes that the economy. of the tent and no wonder some and end up Tsvangirai chosen by empowerment”, Man It myth of “black economic hillsides in Chamisa South those outand was a simplistic argument, people have hardly changed of centuries, letmost unequal was also 1993, soulswasreturn for survival. To complicate In their he in awarded Africa remains one in the world’s alone the it tradingthe Mandela argument.” the Nobel Peace They (our mal-governors), create circumstances South Africa and the world watched in awe two decades since the end of apartheid. jointly with de Klerk, part 1995 societies an environment whereby achievementhave Prize,February 11, 1990, Mandela inof Capehe wonof and whites still control those who huge swathes matters further, those who areand left the system that While few query Mandela’s breed when, on ofindeed endowed well beyond their actual brink and over all but the mostfromand raised his fistthosehe the economy. Africa back from the needs Town’s Victor actually eat diehard trough while as who in are dragging South patronage Verster prison the right-wingers In war words of leading trade unionist saluted the overwhelmingly white Springbok side of civil theThosethe earlynot haveand reduced to sub- salute to the crowds shut out of theout on train. On the in who do 1990s are brokering in shun it are in turn as he stepped gravy his subsistence. Zwelinzima Vavi, three centuries of an Irish the won the Rugby World Cup in Johannesburg. a peaceful end toits structure is akin towhite and that nation’s “Lon g Walk to Freedom” - the humans who live from hand to mouth being asked not of He subsequent autobiography. asglass does pay to his it, it would therefore stained dominance, tougher questions are andsome white coffee - black at the bottom, with often do title face of is immortalised in a appear if it window start of a giant Regina Mundi to be an honest and of the andwhere their next meal would come from. It TheSoweto’s momentouspunishingtransition,statues country he leaves of chocolate on the top. behind. even know a sprinkling be in a sycophant while it is political church; froth it self-respecting critic of the or raising Despite against thanbackdrop of a affirmative six was also a dancing, boxingstatus quo. his afist are more the whiteyears of sea of grinding of him key moment in the evolution of 10 household earns is opulence On average, a action to redress the balance under the banner cult of Mandela both at home and abroad. dotted myth times poverty. moreeconomic empowerment”, South in ManUnfortunately,the country; and of incompetence, and across this cyclic wheel in 2012 the of “black than a black one, and nearly one three remains one of the world’s most in which our central he was awarded of Nobelnotes bearing Africa blacks theunemployed, compared with one In 1993, bankpatronage andthe bank accountability has Because of is abject state of poverty unequal sycophancy, issued a set lack of Peace his face. in 20 whites. societies used to live, still control huge swathes Prize, jointly with de Klerk, and in 1995 he won people are and whites they become subdued and rather been re-invented in Africa for all too long. This is what over allThe the most diehard about the noteshe but announcement right-wingers as came on of the economy.are fodder for critics of the 1994 Such ratios indebtedthe those inof leading trade treat them as hasthe overwhelmingly white Springbokpeople to a life government who In to that settlement words brought the curtainunionist on February 11, the 22nd majority of our side release down saluted condemned the vast anniversary of his Zwelinzima a century of institutionalised behave won prison. subjects ratherVavi, its structure is Ruling partieswhite- fromthe Rugby World Cup in Johannesburg.those that nearly half than fellow citizens. akin to an Irish that of endless suffering because, unfortunately, coffee - black at the bottom, with some white like dynasties thatand saw Mandela their ranks are well He is or such any way a stained glass windowalways the rule immortalised in connected toitthem are In giant an atmosphere, minority rule ensure that those in anointed South Soweto’s are in Regina Mundi church; was perhaps in statues froth and a sprinkling of chocolate on the top. Africa’s first black president. looked after at the a white of those who earns six of him dancing, boxing or raising of his single fiveminority whereas those who are ruled fist are On average, expense household do not belong inevitable that some episodes his are the majority. term president very handsomely The to them. numbers black one, and nearly one in dotted On one the country;are glossed over. to be in times more than a also support the anecdotal yearacross ashand it pays and in 2012 the evidence fromofficials behave like zealots one wealthy urban neighbourhoods central His close a set of bank party, to be in any way bank issued be in a friendship with three blacks is unemployed, compared with who are government, topersonalruling notes bearingLibyan Government his leader in 20 whites. including Mandela’s Houghton - where, 19 years face. Colonel Muammar Gaddafi drew criticism answerable onlyare fodder for critics their parties and The announcement about the notesand or the ruling Such ratios to themselves and Nation”, most -associated with the government came who said: and a fierce rebuttal from Mandela, on after the birth of his “Rainbow of the 1994 they holdblack people to compatriots inhousemaids, “Those who22nd irritated bytoken, if you arewith in the rest of their the curtain utter on February while feel anniversary our friendship not settlement that brought be seen are down disdain. party 11, thealso on the same of his release of the nearly and century of so, there is no distinction government or ruling party, it does equally pay to Usually half adisturbingly institutionalised white- from prison. Gaddafi can go jump in the pool.” sing President security guards or gardeners. In such an atmosphere, it was perhaps minority rule and saw Mandela anointed South between a rulinghas gone athe government because the sycophantic praises and bootlick those in power especially The 2010 “blood diamonds” testimony of “Mandela party and bit too far in doing good inevitable that some episodes of his single fiveAfrica’s first black president. to service is always communities, really in some if oneassupermodel Naomi Campbell at a Hague the numbers stuffed with the apologists year term president are glossed over. civilThe non-blackalso support party anecdotal and Britishwants an easy way up the economic and business evidence the expense urban neighbourhoods cases at party is often a (blacks),” Zimbabwean war crimes the flip friendship withuncomfortableof the ruling from wealthy of flipside of the government His close personal side of things, theLibyan ladder. On tribunal also shone an vast majority including Mandela’s Houghton - where, 19 years leader Colonel Muammar Gaddafi drew criticism President Robert Mugabe said in a documentary lightpeople continue Mandela hosted in by an equally and vice versa. of his “Rainbow Nation”, most - and a fierce a dinnerfrombe short changed 1997 for our on rebuttal to Mandela, after the birth African television in May 2013. Liberian warlord Charles Taylor, who said: whose presence aired on South of Our black people to be seensystem of patronage culpable feel irritated by our friendship with prey on the governments create a are housemaids, “Those who breed of opposition politicians who at the table called into question South Africa’s “That’s being too saintly, too good.” security those or gardeners. to that system are the vulnerability and jump in the pool.” whereby guards down” - Winnie.The defenders ofPresident Gaddafi can go desperation of our people most ‘ethical’ “blood diamonds” testimony of “He let us who subscribe The 2010foreign policy. “Mandela has gone a bit too far in doing good rewardednon-black communities, really in some that of Then there Naomiinfamous ‘Arms Deal’,through handsomely for their deft services violent whom are on the Campbell at a poverty, Mandela’s settlement note that Mugabe’ssuch British supermodel istheir wits end due to Hague a $5 to the seizure of expense of (blacks),” Zimbabwean the crimes defencealso shone an uncomfortable itcases at the white-owned farms in neighbouring billion tribunal way into their contract that hearts with becomes unattractive to be honourable. At best, war worming their equipment impoverished erupted on dinner scandal for Mandela’s for President Robert bootlicking in documentary lightthe a massive better things when 1997 successor, Zimbabwe from 2000 triggered an eight-year services vary from Mugabe saidanda sycophantic praise intopromise ofMandela hosted in they trade positions aired on South African television in May 2013. the Thabo Mbeki, and remains the defining episode economic showeringand often undeserved accolades with warlord Charles Taylor, whose presence collapse of confirmed his fall in Liberian the sitting governments. singing and being too saintly, too good.” at in table called into from post-apartheid grace. “That’s eyes of outsiders from respected liberation hero the the ANC’s slide question South Africa’s to incompetentdown” - Winnie.The defenders ofparty ‘ethical’For as long as we do not produce politicians of the foreign policy. “He let us but senior government and ruling Amid fierce criticism of Mbeki $5 the and to international pariah. Mandela’s worst there are that whose puppetry so calibre that the infamous officials. At settlement notethoseMugabe’s violentis in Then there isis aboveJacob ‘Arms Deal’, a scruples this current president, the compromise of Zuma, erupted Yet of white-owned farms in neighbouring billion defence equipment contract thatalso embroiled his criticism of Mandela finds echoes seizure extreme corners of 2000African National Congress in massive scandal for Mandela’s successor,chosen to some that from prepared to inflict physical harm into a the cycle many South Africans have Zimbabwe they are the triggered an eight-year on viciousfurore,of poverty and disease will continue those who dare speakand confirmed his fall in the Thabo Mbeki, people because our governments will continue plague our that the deal was first announced in (ANC), collapse out against their puppet masters. economicthe 101-year-old liberation movement to forget and remains the defining episode eyes of disturbing aspectrespected liberation and the the ANC’s slide from intolerant and unaccountable with outsiders from of the unions hero in to be incompetent, post-apartheid grace. that joined forces withour political tomfoolery is 1998, when Mandela was still in office. One Amid fierce criticism of Mbeki and the to international pariah. Communist Party to that Yet his criticism of topple apartheid. bootlicking impunity.the streets Zuma,the opposition politicians this kind of sycophantic praisefinds echoes in currentOn Also, Jacob ofso, our sprawling black singing, president, Mandelathe wife of British township of and sadly Soweto, also embroiled and where police In a 2010 interview with and vigilante enforcement of support is no longer only the furore, many South Africans have chosenvery same some corners of the African National Congress in will continue to be the carbon copies of the disgruntled unemployed youngsters still face author V.S. Naipaul, the anti-apartheid firebrand forget that the deal was first announced in off (ANC), to 101-year-old liberation movement to confined the the ruling parties and government. The dictatorships and fountains of patronage that they and joined forces with the unions and the 1998, sporadic, violent still in office. that “Mother of the Nation” Winnie Madikizela- inwhen Mandela was protests over poor housing disease is now so contagiousformer has significantly and public seek to replace. are plenty who do not supposedly services, Mandela Party to her that it the Communistaccused topple apartheid.husband of On the streets of there sprawling black spread ato theafter beingwith the wife of 27 years in buyAnd of Soweto, where police parties continue In out realms of our opposition British township while our ruling and opposition and the Mandela myth. selling 2010 interview broken by his parties who author V.S. prisons. sole reason of replacing those disgruntled themselves on saying: ‘I am sets for the apartheid Naipaul, ironically exist for the the anti-apartheid firebrand in to “Mandela keptand their respective hereof hangers fete unemployed youngsters still face off protests over poor housing What and“Mandela did go “Mother of the Nation” Winnie Madikizela- in sporadic, violentthe power with a supposedlyto prison and he went in people, majority of servant of will continue to suffer. better alternative governance on, the I am our people the nation.’ Mandela accused her former husband of and public services, there are plenty who do not that allowed politics there as a burning young revolutionary. Butin in did Mandela myth. look the he do? He signed papers bar of nationalwhite models. out after being broken by his 27 years selling The sycophantic voices are actually loudest buy It is time for the raising of the people to keep saying: ‘I and thefor the farms,” what came out,” quoted apartheid prisons. she wasthe rulingas saying. with “Mandela kept onthe minesam hereparticularly said the opposition ranks than in party ranks in Africa generally and Zimbabwe where “Mandela let us down. He agreed to in people, I am the servant of the nation.’ What “Mandela did go to prison and he went a bad 49-year-old Majozi Pilane, who runs a roadside party rank and file falling over each otherwe hero still on stall selling sweets and cigarettes. the clarion call to to are warship honour and dedicated service will be deal as a burning young revolutionary. there for the blacks. Economically, But look did he do? He signed papers that allowed white their leaders in return for snippets very much ‘white’. serve in public mines and the farms,” said the few people “He did the office. Not self-enrichmentthe poor to keep absolutely nothing for all of whatoutside. The economy is of donor funds. the came out,” she was quoted as saying. “Mandelaof the opposition is agreed to who gave people of this Pilane, whoabject a roadside let us blacks, He idolised and showered while the majority wallow in runs poverty. down. but so many a bad 49-year-old Majozi country.” ItThe leader token has a few deal for the blacks. Economically, we unrewarded.”stall selling sweets and cigarettes. their life and struggle have died are still on with praisesin thein some cases blasphemous accolades Silence Chihuri writes in his own personal capacity. He can be contacted “He did absolutely nothing for all the poor the outside. The economy is very much ‘white’. - email country.” academics, there is broad with Even loyalists competing inso many who gave to party amongblacks, but outdoing each other people ofThe [email protected] or Twitter @SChihuri by this Telegraph It has a few token BY REUTERS T An African icon I Comment: Mandela legacy – peace F poverty for blacks on African terms but he Tokwe Mukosi Dam 6 - 08 December 2013 - Project (TMDP) relates more to its history The Observer and contemporary placement in our national understanding of “development”. Originally the TMDP was one of the grand dam building initiatives of the then Southern Rhodesian government. Its primary blueprints are therefore informed by the modernization policies of the settler state. This would not be a problem if we were to consider modernization as progressive, with or without context. Because its genesis resides in President Nelson Mandela, everyone will want n mourning former South African the same said settler colony that was Rhodesia, its pretext is for their own.on the basisaof economic exclusion. Particularly that of to claim him also founded And that is good thing. the peasant farmer. In fact, the part confessionals about their own countries’ Some will want to claim him asTMDP is reminiscent of the Kariba Dam project complicity in aiding apartheid. resided in its catchment area, at that time. They were and its effect on those that Others as participants within racist frameworks and in the then repressive and racist arbitrarily relocated in domestic, continental and global struggles that brought down the last bastion of settler colonialism in Africa. name of modernization and tourism. Others still in their own failures and fervent desire to be judged as better players Because the TMDP blueprints had the intended in the struggles against colonialism and imperialism. dimension of bringing water to an arid Lowveld, will join was not for will however the local. It was water largely Like everyone else, Ithe water the queue. I application in claim Nelson Mandela as an African icon before being held insugarby his farmers/companies further downstream. intended for the large scale awe cane global reach. An Tourismicon in the sense that before we were benefit in the Mandela as a global African would then have been an additional enamored to same way that Lake n mourning in marketing) brand (as theyimagined, largely as he was an African leader who can afford will want Kariba is say former South African President Nelson Mandela, everyone it. a holiday resort for those faced with decisions as to claim that faced other And that is a of his and tough as those him for their own. African iconsgood thing. later times. Where we fast forward to our contemporary context,about of the fundamentals some their own countries’ He wasSome will want to claim him as the ‘acceptable type’. Otherwise they would never a leader to be deemed part confessionals complicity of that apartheid. colonial aiding dam as at of the ideain and others imprisoned oninception remain unchanged. forremains a not have had him the infamous Robben Island It so many Others as participants in domestic, continental and global struggles that brought years. blueprint suited moreof settler colonialism in Africa.than a broader democratic and to the settler state economy down the last bastion Neither was still one to betray to the and ferventorratescomrades in thebetteragainst he Hence prior either his cause his to flooding as fight players national one. in their own failures unexpecteddesire of be judged(it was expected), Others apartheid. He was not a romantic whoin praise of the projecteither a religious or a in the struggles against colonialism viewed people government ministers were talking and imperialism. from on the similar grounds messianic standpoint. I will join the queue. I will however claim Nelson Mandela as an of Like everyone else, downstream agriculture and promote tourism, the latter in how it will irrigate He Africanleader who being held in awe by his global reach. history, even before the was a icon before was cognizant of his placement in similar fashion toin the sense that before we were enamored togood’ portrayals of age of satellite television, internet and mass marketing. The ‘feel Mandela as a global An African icon Kariba’s hospitality industry. brand (as they say long after he he was an African some of the families that have this African icon, came in marketing) had decided that leader faced with his people’s The compensation that was reportedly given to the struggle for decisions as tough as be his life.faced other freedom shall those thatfor decades African icons of his and later times. lived in the basin has been described as not only minimal but also He was never a leader the ‘acceptable type’. Otherwise they would I do not for once think thatto be deemed hand-outs tha t becoming the iconic have a Mandela envisaged without adequateand others The cash on thehimself were given did for sofigure context. imprisoned not have had him infamous Robben Island not many that would adorn murals, cups and t-shirts. His primary task was, together with years. utilitarian element to them in relation to actual relocation. Those that specific multi-racial fashion, the pursuit of others and in a was he one to betray either his cause thehis comrades in the fight against goals of the Freedom Charter. Neither or managed to there not a romantic who viewed will exactly where religiousview It is trite that acquire thefellowcompensation stayedattempt either athey were or a apartheid. He was are said Africans who people from to mistakenly and messianic money for Mandela from standpoint. livelihood concerns because there was no holistic relocation utilized thethe perspective of not having achieved the goals of the Freedom CharterHe Anda leader who was cognizant of hisappears to be none in even before the as though also reported that plan. was it ishe wrote it alone. there still placement in history, effect. and marketing. The ‘feel Or age of satellite television, internetresultmistakes rapid flooding the CODESA talks those that will argue that as amade mass the in relation to good’ portrayals of The current came long he of does his indicate this African icon,relocation after he had decided that the struggle for not people’s that led to majority black government in South Africa. Apart from theirs being an freedom shall be his life. any preparation by provincial andhave to point out opinionI that we must respect, weMandela envisaged himselfthat this is a mistaken long would central government in relation to afigure and do not for once think that becoming the iconic ahistoricalwould of the man. if it is and t-shirts. His primary task was,been a publicly view adorn murals, term relocation plan. Or cups there, by now there should have together with that others and even Oliver Tambo’s the displaced and generational task was to Mandela and in a multi-racial fashion,revolutionarythe goals of the Freedom Charter. announced place of relocation for the pursuit of families. lead theIn the long run,Africa to attain independence ascontinues to of what isview ItANC and South is trite that there are fellow Africans who will attemptstage the humanitarian disaster that a first to mistakenlyin still unfold the Mandela from the perspective of Revolution (NDR). referred to as the National Democraticnot having achieved the goals of the Freedom Lowveld becomeshecrisis created by an inefficient government which then seeks Charter as though a wrote it alone. And because there is no politics without stages, they were correct to negotiate to the to Or those impression for that he made mistakes in constitution. CODESA talks give the that will argue it inclusive and these tragic developments occurring, with the white Nationalists thatandid not foreseeceasefirerelation from theirs being an that led to majority black government in South Africa. Apart regardless of of must respect, we would have to point That initial that wethe revolutionamountswasrainfall. out up to subsequent cadres opinion task the unexpected done, it of and remains that this is a mistaken and ahistorical view ofin the 1970s, as it is now, that once embarked upon, that whole of the NDR to continuethe man. towards the fulfillment of the rest of the aspirations It was known working of the antiwould and even Oliver Tambo’s revolutionary and generational task was to apartheid struggle. submerged under water. What the post-independence Mandela area the ANC and South Africa to attain eventually be lead In Nkrumahist parlance, Mandela sought independence as a first stage of what is still and contemporary governments failedfirstdo was to not only failin anticipation to the political kingdom to change the referred to as the National Democratic Revolution (NDR). that everything else would follow. And because there is the social without stages, they were correct to negotiate definitive framework of no politicsimpact of the dam but further retained colonial It has been whitefor the South Africans, but it is a processconstitution. democratic with the slow Nationalists for an inclusive and ceasefire that remains notions of development andThere was never going to be a to subsequent cadres modernization. and is most initial task of the revolution done, it was and remains up complete departure That definitely underway. from the past in to continue working towards the fulfillmenta complete departure from Tragic as it is at the moment, the has never been of the rest of the aspirations of the NDR South Africa just as thereTokwe Mukosi Dam story will unfortunately the same inanti apartheid struggle. of those that failed to prevent the negative impact of be the Zimbabwe. told from the high offices In Nkrumahist with the vagaries of We all still grapple parlance, Mandela sought first the political kingdom in anticipation that everything flooding has had on colonialism and imperialism. We however people’s lives. They will however, in true that the rapid else would follow. are not beholden to them. Nationalist sentiment alone is not enough either for fashion or forslow forrenowned Africans, but it is a process that remains as “disaster with Zimbabwe. It has been what a the South academic and activist has referred to democratic South Africa and is most underway. There was never going to be a complete departure capitalism” definitely and Cabral, taught the economic complete departure insist periphery and still from Mandela, like relegate the majority poor to us that beenmust navigate our ideals Nyerere from the past in South Africa just as there has never we a with the same in Zimbabwe. phenomenal post-independence ‘modernization’ success what is most pragmatic while ensuring that future generations do not forget the dam project is a that their task is grapple withrevolutions to higher stages and within generational We story. all still to take our the vagaries of colonialism and imperialis m. We however contexts.not beholden to them. Nationalist sentiment alone is not enough either for are The reality for Zimbabwe. South Africa or of the matter is that the project remains mired in the legacy of colonial perceptions and understandings of modernization/development with Mandela, like Nyerere and Cabral, taught us that we must navigate our ideals with what is most little their task isits pragmatic revolutions to higher stages and withindo nothistory, regard of toimpact onwhile ensuring that future generations from forget a majority poor. Instead of learning generational that take our contexts. we have unfortunately chosen to repeat it. And sadly, the Tokwe Mukosi Dam Project is the current evidence at hand. Mandela: I An African icon I on African terms I The Observer newspaper subscribes to a Code of Conduct that promotes truthful, accurate, fair and balanced news reporting. If we do not meet these standards register your The Observer newspaper subscribes to a Code of Conduct that with the Voluntary Media Council of Zimbabwe complaintspromotes truthful, accurate, fair and balanced news reporting. 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