The Observer Issue 15 | Page 11

Let’s talk about cancer Continued from Page 10 lost a lot of weight over the last couple of months that cannot be explained by changes to your diet, exercise or stress. There are no proven ways to prevent cancer, but you can reduce your risk of getting it. There are some cancer risk factors we can’t do anything about, such as our age, family history and medical history. The aim of this article is to highlight some of the things we can do something about, for example leading a healthy lifestyle can help lower your risk of developing certain cancers. You can do this by: eating a healthy balanced diet, maintaining a healthy weight, drinking less alcohol, stopping smoking, protecting your skin from sun damage. We are slowly becoming obese and In England, over 60% of the population is overweight or obese. Being overweight or obese can increase your risk of some cancers, such as: bowel cancer, pancreatic cancer, oesophageal cancer, breast cancer if you are a woman who has been through the menopause, cancer of the womb (uterus) and kidney cancer. Being a healthy weight can reduce your risk of developing cancer so let’s start losing weight today! Drinking alcohol is known to increase your risk of some cancers, including: mouth cancer,pharynx and larynx cancer, oesophageal cancer, colorectal cancer in men and breast cancer. Drinking is probably a cause of other cancers such as colorectal cancer in women and liver cancer. Women shouldn’t regularly drink more than 2-3 units of alcohol a day, and men shouldn’t regularly drink more than 3-4 units a day. “Regularly” means every day or on most days of the week. Lung cancer is responsible for around a quarter of cancer deaths in the UK, and 90% of lung cancer cases are related to smoking. We know that stopping smoking greatly cuts the risk of developing cancer and the earlier one stops, the greater the impact. But it’s never too late to quit. People who quit smoking at 30 live nearly as long as non-smokers, and those who quit at 50 can still undo half the damage.” There is support to help you stop smoking so take advantage of it and quit smoking today! Each specific type of cancer has its own set of treatment methods. However, many cases of cancer are treated using chemotherapy (powerful cancer-killing medication) and radiotherapy (the controlled use of high energy X-rays). Surgery is also sometimes carried out to remove cancerous tissue. Early diagnosis of cancer increases the chance of surviving so please do not procrastinate. What are you waiting for? See your GP today please! This is a huge topic and I have tried to summarise it and hope that you have learnt something. Please feel free to share , comment or like this article . The message to take home is that you should see your doctor without delay if this article resonate with you.■ Advertise in The Observer Call 0772 964428 email: [email protected] facebook: TheObserverZim T The Observer - 2 March 2014 - 11 he risk of prostate cancer among black Zimbabwean men increased dramatically to 6,4 percent annually and new trends show that prostate cancer has now become the most common cancer of men. The body is made up of many types of cells. Normally, cells grow, divide, and produce more cells as needed to keep the body healthy. Sometimes, however, the process goes wrong -cells become abnormal and form more cells in an uncontrolled way. These extra cells form a mass of tissue, called a growth or tumor. Tumors can be benign, which means not cancerous, or malignant, which means cancerous. The prostate is a male sex gland, about the size of a large walnut. It is located below the bladder and in front of the rectum. The prostate’s main function is to make fluid for semen, a white substance that carries sperm. The prevalence of prostate cancer among Zimbabwean black men is rising and the growth rate is now several times higher in recent years than it was 20 years ago, according to findings by the Zimbabwe Cancer Registry (ZCR) Prostate cancer occurs when a tumor forms in the tissue of the prostate. In its early stage, prostate cancer needs the male hormone testosterone to grow and survive. Scientists don’t know exactly what causes prostate cancer. They cannot explain why one man gets prostate cancer and another does not. However, they have been able to identify some risk factors that are associated with the disease. A risk factor is anything that increases your chances of getting a disease. The symptoms of prostate cancer include: A need to urinate frequently, (especially at night), difficulty starting urination or holding back urine, inability to urinate, weak or interrupted flow of urine. However, if prostate cancer develops and is not treated, it can cause the following symptoms: Painful or burning urination, difficulty in having an erection, painful ejaculation, blood in urine or semen and pain or stiffness in the lower back, cancer on increase hips, or upper thighs Due to low-seeking behaviour by men, prostate cancers is usually detected at an advanced stage. However it is encouraged for men to have regular physical exams and a simple blood test (called a PSA test) which are the keys to early diagnosis. You can start having regular physical exams and PSA tests in your mid-40s.If you have a family history of prostate cancer, you should start having regular tests earlier. Early diagnosis will allow you to have early treatment, if this is necessary. If prostate cancer is diagnosed and treated early, then your risk of dying from this illness is small. If prostate cancer is diagnos