The Missouri Reader Vol. 40, Issue 3 | Page 62

By providing instructional activities that engage students, by modeling reading behaviors, and by showing students they care about them as people and learners, teachers can influence students so they will come to believe in themselves as readers and learners. Developing reading fluency is one aspect that will help students see themselves as good readers which is a characteristic of good readers, they are motivated to continue to grow as literate individuals and as lifelong learners.

References

Alvermann, D. E. (2004). Effective literacy instruction for adolescents. In R. D. Robinson, M. C. McKenna, & J. M. Wedman (Eds.), Issues and trends in literacy education (3rd ed.) (pp. 175-192). Boston, MA: Pearson.

Anderson, R. C., Hiebert, E. H., Scott, J. A., & Wilkinson, I. A. G. (1985). Becoming a nation of readers: The report of the commission on reading. Washington D.C.: The National Institute of Education.

Archer, A.L., Gleason, M.M., & Vachon, V.L. (2003). Decoding and fluency: Foundation skills for struggling older readers. Learning Disability Quarterly, 26(2), 89-101.

Beers, K. (2003). When kids can’t read: What teachers can do. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann.

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Crawley, S. J., & Merritt, K. (2004). Remediating reading difficulties (4th ed.). Boston, MA: McGraw Hill.

Dechant, E. (1991). Understanding and teaching reading: An interactive model. Hillsdale, N. J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Elish-Piper, L., & Tatum, A. W. (2006). Addressing the literacy needs of adolescent students: Listening to their voices. The New England Reading Association Journal, 42(1), 6-12.

Griffith, L.W., & Rasinski, T.V. (2004). A focus on fluency: How one teacher incorporated fluency with her reading curriculum. The Reading Teacher, 58(2), 126-137.

Hinchman, K. A., Alvermann, D. E., Boyd, F. B., Brozo, W. G., & Vacca, R. T. (2003). Supporting older students’ in-and out-of school literacies. Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy, 47(4), 304-310.

Hoover, J. J. (1989). Helping children to develop study skills: A guide for parents. Lindale, TX: Hamilton.

Hudson, R. F., Lane, H. B., & Pullen, P. C. (2005). Reading fluency assessment and instruction: What, why and how? The Reading Teacher, 58(8702-714.

Maxwell, M. J. (1973). Skimming and scanning improvement: The needs, assumptions and knowledge base. Journal of Reading Behavior 5(1), 47-58.

National Reading Panel. (2000). Teaching children to read: An evidence-based assessment of the scientific literature on reading and its implications for reading instruction. Washington, DC: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institute of Health.

Rasinski, T. (2006). Reading fluency instruction: Moving beyond accuracy, automaticity, and prosody. Issues and Trends in Literacy, 59(7), 704-706.

Rasinski, T.V., & Padak, N. D. (2005). Fluency beyond the primary grades: Helping adolescent struggling readers. Voices from the Middles, 13(1), 34-41.

Rasinski, T. V., Padak, N. D., McKeon, C. A., Wilfong, L. G., Friedauer, J. A., & Heim, P. (2005). Is reading fluency a key for successful high school reading? Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy, 49(1), 22-27.

Rasinski, T., Reutzel, D.R., Chard, D., & Linan-Thompson, S. (2011). Reading fluency. In M.L. Kamil, P.D. Pearson, E.B. Moje, & P.P. Afflerbach, Handbook of reading research (Vol. 4, pp. 286-319). New York, NY: Routledge.

Reutzel, D. R., & Cooter, R. B. (2008). Teaching children to read (5th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.

Robinson, A. (1993). What smart students know. New York, NY: Crown.

Routman, R. (2003). Reading essentials: The specifics you need to teach reading well. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann.

Stevens, R. J. (2006). Developing reading fluency: What does the research say? Catalyst for Change, 34(1), 37-44.

Vacca, R. T., & Vacca, J. L. (2014). Content area reading: Literacy and learning across the curriculum (11th ed.) Boston: Pearson.

Walczyk, J. J., & Griffith-Ross, D.A. (2007). How important is reading skill fluency for comprehension? The Reading Teacher, 60(6), 560-569.

Worthy, J., & Broaddus, K. (2002). Fluency beyond the primary grades: From group performance to silent, independent reading. The Reading Teacher, 55(4), 334-343.

Kathleen Scales teaches English Language Arts at Republic High School. Her research interests include content area reading, collaboration, and writing.

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