The Missouri Reader Vol. 36, Issue 1 | Page 48

cookbooks, digital books, newspapers, song lyrics, comics, and travel books. Table 1: Student Reading Preferences vs. Teacher Selections for Instruction Student Teacher Materials Yes Sometimes No Yes Sometimes No Websites 5 0 1 4 0 2 Magazines 6 0 0 4 1 1 Dictionaries 4 0 2 5 0 1 Comics 3 1 2 2 0 4 Manuals/instructions 5 0 1 4 1 1 Poetry 2 0 4 5 0 1 Catalogues 3 1 2 4 0 2 Song lyrics 6 0 0 1 1 4 Encyclopedias 2 0 4 5 0 1 Book series 5 1 0 4 1 1 Digital books 4 0 2 1 0 5 Newspapers 1 2 3 1 0 5 Fiction 5 0 1 4 0 2 Graphic novels 3 0 3 3 0 3 Emails 3 0 3 0 0 6 Text messages 3 1 2 0 0 6 Plays 0 0 6 4 0 2 Cookbooks 3 1 2 0 1 5 Posters/signs 3 1 2 5 0 1 Travel books 5 0 1 2 0 4 Books on tape 2 1 3 3 0 3 Factual books 4 1 1 6 0 0 Instructional Implications Even though there is a large amount of research on struggling readers and how specific classroom instructions can help them overcome their difficulties and become better readers, few studies closely examine particularly how boy struggling readers view themselves as readers, what they like to read, and what are used to teach reading by their teachers. This study contributes to the existing literature by suggesting that knowing the answers to the above questions will help direct teachers‘ future instruction for boy struggling readers. The boy students in the study had a positive attitude toward reading. None of them believed reading is boring and all of them regarded reading to be important. This finding may surprise people who think the opposite of struggling readers – disliking reading and considering reading as unimportant. Enriquez and her associates (2010) urged teachers to turn around their perceptions of struggling readers, where teachers first turn themselves around to see the strengths of struggling readers and then respond differently before turning students around as readers. Having a positive attitude toward reading is the first and foremost strength the students in this study have. Student‘s attitude toward reading has been recognized as a central factor affecting reading performance (e.g., Wixson & Lipson, 1991). It is important to note that the students emphasized the fact that reading is not boring to them especially when they are reading something to their interests. Research suggests that students‘ interests are closely related to motivation and engagement with reading (Guthrie & Davis, 2003). Ivey (1999) pointed out that students‘ motivation and competence in reading are circumstance related. In other words, struggling readers will read more and comprehend better if a text is appropriately matched to their ability and interests. Therefore, setting up a classroom library that includes a variety of materials with a range of reading levels and appealing to all children is one promising approach to improving the reading competence of struggling readers. Classroom teachers could conduct brief interest inventories to identify the personal and reading interests of each child in their classroom and use that information to stock the classroom libraries and interest centers. Materials might be added or changed periodically based upon current events, seasons, content area themes, and author studies. Dan for example, a black eleven-year-old in our study, indicated that his reading interests are influenced by his ambition (to be an NBA player) and his role © The Missouri Reader, 36 (1) p.48