a
farm.
The
book
shows
the
farmer
building
a
fence
for
his
animals.
Students,
with
the
teacher,
identify
the
different
lines
and
angles,
and
the
relations
between
them
from
the
pictures.
As
the
teacher
and
students
delve
deeper
into
this
concept,
the
children’s
book
could
be
referred
to
again.
This
math
concept
can
be
made
more
accessible
by
using
cooking
as
an
analogy:
The
real
numbers
and
their
two
operations
of
addition
and
multiplication
are
governed
by
properties.
Students
could
create
a
chart
to
compare
the
properties
of
the
real
number
system
with
cooking.
The
students
will
be
able
to
relate
to
basic
ideas
in
cooking
that
are
analogous
to
the
properties
of
the
real
number
system.
For
example,
adding
eggs
and
then
flour
will
be
the
same
as
adding
flour
and
then
the
eggs
–
the
commutative
property
of
addition
or
multiplication.
Mixing
flour
with
the
eggs,
and
then
adding
milk,
will
be
the
same
adding
flour
to
a
mixture
of
eggs
and
milk
–
the
associative
property
of
addition
or
multiplication.
English/Language
Arts
Examples
Any
poetry
unit,
regardless
of
the
specific
concept
to
be
taught
about
poetry,
can
begin
with
an
analogy
to
the
songs
students
are
currently
listening
to.
An
effective
way
to
begin
a
unit
is
to
ask
students
to
bring
in
samples
of
songs
(with
clear
parameters
of
the
types
of
song
lyrics
that
may
not
be
used).
Lyrics
for
these
songs
are
usually
available
on
the
internet,
which
teachers
can
copy
and
paste
onto
a
powerpoint
or
overhead
slide.
Another
way
to
use
an
analogy
is
for
a
unit
about
tragedy
with
a
guiding
concept
such
as,
Tragedy
involves
the
descent
of
a
great
man
to
defeat
or
death.
The
analogy
would
be
presented
first
and
come
from
a
current
news
article
that
describes
something
tragic,
such
as
an
earthquake
that
devastated
a
town
or
a
local
event
such
as
a
gang
shooting
or
deadly
car
accident.
The
teacher
could
bring
1-‐3
examples
as
models
and
then
have
students
find
others.
Next,
the
teacher
would
connect
their
developing
understanding
of
tragedy
to
the
reading
assignment.
Questioning
the
author
can
contribute
to
students’
understandings
of
bias:
Many
forms
of
writing
contain
biases
by
authors
that
should
be
recognized
and
questioned.
For
example,
students
could
read
something
current
from
a
magazine
such
as
Rolling
Stone,
blogs,
and
newspapers.
They
could
analyze
the
authors’
arguments
and
any
possible
biases
they
might
have.
The
teacher
would
create
a
worksheet
containing
initiating
queries,
such
as
“What
is
the
author
trying
to
say?”
and
“What
bias
does
the
author
show?”
and
follow-‐up
queries,
such
as
“Does
the
author
explain
his
or
her
argument
clearly?”
and
“What
is
the
author’s
reasoning?”
Biology
Examples
Biology
textbooks
are
very
difficult
for
struggling/striving
readers.
In
a
unit
focusing
on
the
concept,
Living
things
either
adapt
to
change
or
become
extinct,
the
teacher
could
create
a
discussion
web
that
encourages
students
to
use
their
prior
knowledge
and
gives
them
specific
purposes
for
their
readings.
The
central
statement
on
this
discussion
web
might
be,
“Since
extinction
is
a
natural
process,
people
do
not
have
much
impact
on
the
extinction
of
plants
or
animals.”
In
addition
to
focusing
on
the
content
area
concepts,
this
particular
question
also
encourages
students
to
consider
their
responsibility
as
citizens
to
the
future
of
our
planet.
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