The Missouri Reader Vol. 35, Issue 2 | Page 23

CONTENT  AREA  LITERACY  IS  TEACHING  FOR   SOCIAL  JUSTICE:  FOCUSING  ON   UNSUCCESSFUL  READERS     Carol  Lloyd  Rozansky,  Ph.D.         Abstract   When   adolescent   students   have   difficulties   reading,   we   have   traditionally   focused   on   identifying  and  remediating  the  skills  and  strategies  they  do  not  have  and  simultaneously  place  them  in   low-­‐level   academic   courses.   However,   learned   skills   and   strategies   in   remedial   reading   classes   rarely   transfer  to  academic  courses.  This  paper  suggests  a  reconceptualized  examination  and  application  of   content   area   literacy   strategies   that   are   framed   in   schema   theory,   culturally   relevant   pedagogy,   motivation  to  read,  and  liberatory  education.  Examples  from  various  content  areas  are  included.   When   adolescent   students   have   difficulties   reading,   we   have   traditionally   focused   on   identifying   and   remediating   the   skills   and   strategies   they   do   not   have.   We   have   changed   their   label   from  “struggling  readers,”  which  includes  students  in  grades  three  and  above,  to  “struggling/striving”   or   just   “striving”   readers   in   grades   four   or   above   (Cassidy   &   Cassidy,   2009;   U.S.   Department   of   Education,   2010).   We   have   noted   the   rising   complexities   of   their   textbooks,   especially   as   they   move   into  middle  and  then  high  schools,  with  an  associated  increase  in  content  area  literacy  skills  required   for  school  success  (Carnegie  Council  on  Advancing  Adolescent  Literacy,  2010).       We   have   also   looked   beyond   skills   and   strategies,   asking   important   questions   about   adolescents’  motivation  to  read  (Pitcher  et  al.  2007;  Scales,  Akers,  &  Stout,  2009).  Reading  educators   and   researchers   have   also   gained   much   awareness   of   the   relationships   betwee