The Missouri Reader Vol. 35, Issue 1 | Page 63

AFTER-SCHOOL READ-ALOUDS FOR MIDDLE SCHOOL BOYS Kenna Wiggins Literacy competence is the goal of communication arts education. Traditionally, girls outperform boys in literacy pursuits (Kleinfeld, 1998; Park, Pearson, & Reckase, 2005). In recent years, girls have also been receiving more attention in matters of education, as their needs have been considered to have been shortchanged in favor of boys’ educational requirements (Kleinfeld, 1998). However, now educators are viewing with alarm the discrepancies between boys and girls in reading and writing skills. Books and courses abound, all full of recommendations for remedial strategies. Still, boys’ scores fall behind (Costello, 2008). The correct approach to take with boys is a subject of much debate. Williams (2004) and Alloway and Gilbert (1997) explain that boys’ literacy needs are different from girls’, as boys’ sense of masculinity is challenged by reading, which is often seen as an activity for girls. Tomlinson and Kalbfleisch (1998) believe the answer to literacy skills in either gender lies in differentiated instruction within the classroom. Tunmer, Chapman, Greaney, and Prochnow (2002) assert that “explicit instruction in phonological processing skills (p. 26)” offers a key to any struggling reader’s improvement. Regardless of the approach, readers employ certain strategies to comprehend text. These include visualizing, connecting, questioning, predicting, clarifying, and summarizing (Fountas & Pinnell, 2000). Brain research has shown that students have differing learning styles (Tomlinson & Kalbfleisch, 1998; Williams 2004). Murr, Juarez, Underwood, Springen, and Wingert (2006) found in their study that boys tend to be more kinesthetic learners and have reading interests different from girls. Fletcher (2006) found that boys prefer action, violence, humor, and mainly non-fiction reading material. Costello (2008) corroborates this in his call for reading material with strong male action characters. All of this knowledge is of little use if boys are not actually reading. Therefore, a remedy for boys’ literacy would seem to lie in increasing amount of time spent reading. Brozo, Shiel, and Topping (2008), observing that “there might be little in youths’ school Kenna Wiggins, M.S. Ed. in Reading, is a career experience that is relevant to this wider purpose” (p. educator who has taught at every level from 311), found that schools can take steps to increase the kindergarten to university. A former connection between academic and practical reading. communication arts department head and Brozo et al. report that reading achievement is French teacher, she is happiest encouraging determined by engagement, segmented by diversity, struggling readers and writers. She shares her frequency, and attitude. To increase engagement, Brozo joy in literacy instruction, presenting at et al. found students need time for “personalized conferences and welcoming prospective reading” (p. 311) connected to their interests. teachers to observe in her classroom. Additionally, time after school should be set aside for reading, with students held accountable for their comprehension. The need for self-monitoring is corroborated by Kolic-Vehovec and Bajsanski (2006) in their 63