The Mind Creative SEPTEMBER 2014 | Page 33

The Mind Creative Irkutsk railway station Around Lake Baikal to the east of Irkutsk in the Republic of Buryatia, which has a population of around one million, the indigenous Buryats (about 30% of the population) practice Tibetan Buddhism and Shamanism. Buryatia is not the only ‘Buddhist homeland’ in Russia. There is also the Republic of Kalmykia, on the shores of the Caspian Sea to the north of Daghestan, with a population of just under 300,000. Kalmykia is the only Buddhist region in Europe (Buryatia falls in Asian Russia). Like the Chechens, the Kalmyks were deported en masse by Stalin for alleged collaboration with Germany during the Second World War, but were allowed to return in 1957, only to find much of their land settled by Russians. However, Kalmyks still constitute 57% of the population and a majority of them practice Tibetan Buddhism. Another view of the lake There is even a ‘Jewish homeland’ in Russia, the so-called Jewish Autonomous Area, which is situated in the Russian Far East, bordering China. Established in 1934, its Jewish population peaked in 1948 at around 30,000, about one-quarter of the Autonomous Area’s population. The name may be a misnomer, for the Jews here now number fewer 33