be performed in an Obstetrics department and used to visualize the embryo or fetus in the mother’s uterus during prenatal care. Actually, medical ultrasonography creates the potential for ultrasonic imaging of objects using a three gigahertz piezoelectric crystal for producing ultrasonic sound wave resolution comparable to an optical image. These standard tests can help detect early possible related signs to of a chromosome disorder Down’s
calculate the distance between waves in order to generate an accurate picture which is displayed on a computer screen. The transducer, a device that converts one form of energy to another, of the sonogram machine switches back and forth many times a second between acting as an actuator to produce (send) ultrasonic waves, and acting as a sensor to detect (receive) ultrasonic waves. These devices and its process can be used to monitor any suspicious or abnormalities detected early on in a pregnancy. In reality, Ultrasound imaging uses the same principles of sonar detection. During an ultrasound examination, again the transducer is used to view the organ or fetus. Next, the transducer detects echoes, a portion of a sound that is returned from the organ (boundary) or object (medium)8. After that, the emitted sound
syndrome and other chromosomes physical features. Typically, the general public refers to a sonogram as an ultrasound but in reality a sonogram is the medical procedure that uses ultrasound waves to create a picture of something that is happening within a person’s body—real time. The pictures frames are generated from sonograms and give doctors a very clean look into the body to get a better understanding of what is going inside the body without having to do surgery or some other invasive procedures. Next, the sonogram machine emits a sound wave measured in hertz that bounces off organs, bones and muscles. Normally, the machine emits a frequency beyond 20KHz above the normal human threshold heard by humans. Particularly, frequency and period (pulse ultrasound) are very important because of its impact on screen resolution and penetration (depth of tissue) of the displayed image. Furthermore, the machine is able to
encounters a border between two tissues that conduct sound differently referred to as acoustic mismatch. The echo’s are analyzed by a computer in the ultrasound machine and are transformed into moving pictures of an organ, tissue or fetus being examined. The greater the acoustic mismatch equals the greater the percentage of ultrasound reflected and the less being transmitted. For example, Ultrasound waves pass easily through fluids and soft tissues which make the procedures especially useful for examining fluid-filled organs. No doubt that ultrasound gel, a clear,