THE MAIN PURPOSE OF A LABOR UNION / TUTORIALOUTLET DOT COM THE MAIN PURPOSE OF A LABOR UNION / TUTORIALOUTLET | Page 12

imports from the environment.
Inputs can be planned and wanted or unplanned and unwanted.
• Outputs: are exported to the external environment and generally
include products and/or services. Like inputs, outputs can be planned
and wanted or
unplanned and unwanted - eg., waste, scrap, pollution, etc.
• The Technological Subsystem: consists of the technology, tools,
machines,
processes, and methods required to produce goods, services, and/or
information. It also includes the knowledge required to transform
"inputs" into
"outputs."
• The Social Subsystem: Reflects the requirements of the
technological subsystem and consists of people who bring an
assortment of technical skills, knowledge and ideas to the
organization. They also bring expectations, motives,
needs, ways of thinking and behaving, and a wide variety of other
personal
qualities.
• The Managerial Subsystem: includes the structure of roles and
responsibilities,
the policies, procedures and rules of the organization, its management
practices,
the way in which decisions are made, the system of rewards and
penalties, and many
other key management processes.
2 0 2 HUMAN RESOURCE PLANNING 1985 VOLUME 8.
NUMBER 4 CHAPTER 3 • The Political Subsystem: reflects the
managerial subsystem and emerges from
the delegation of authority and the system of rewards and penalties.
As such, it
represents the distribution of power throughout the organization.
• The Cultural Subsystem: as these subsystems interact over a longer
period of
time, the organization develops its own unique
"personality," which reflects
the commonly shared values and norms of behavior.