The Leaf THE LEAF May-June 2019 | Page 5

Science: How marijuana works to help those with multiple sclerosis By Richard Faulk, The Fresh Toast Updated: March 15, 2019 Multiple sclerosis is a neurological disease in which the immune system attacks the fatty protein that protects our nerve cells. The exposed and damaged (i.e. “sclerotic”) nerves lose their ability to transmit signals, and this results in a wide array of bad results, including numbness, dizziness, itching, and blurred vision. More than half of people who suffer from MS experience pain, muscle stiffness or spasticity, and cognitive impairment. It’s those last three symptoms that have been most studied in relation to medical marijuana. What’s the Good News? Cannabis eases spasticity and muscle stiffness. In double-blind, placebo-controlled trials, MS patients who use cannabis oil, synthetic THC, or an oral-spray blend of THC and CBD have reported feeling relief from muscle stiffness and spasms. At least one has shown a “highly significant” difference in spasticity between cannabis users and nonusers. Another quantified that difference as an almost twofold improvement. What is felt, however, is not necessarily what can be proven. Despite patients reporting strong improvements, a European study from 2005 could only determine a “small treatment effect” by objective measures. And there’s more: The same studies found reduced pain and improved sleep. In the past five years, the first studies to specifically examine the effect of cannabis on the mental clarity of MS patients have emerged. What Do the Pros Say? In a 2014 overview of the medical literature, the American Academy of Neurology (AAN) concluded that cannabis oil, synthetic THC, and THC-CBD blend oral spray are all “probably effective” to treat the “patient- reported” spasticity and pain of MS. The National Multiple Sclerosis Society supports access to medical marijuana and more research on potential benefits of using cannabis to treat MS. https://lfpress.com/cannabis-health/science- how-marijuana-works-to-help-those-with- multiple-sclerosis/wcm/04718f73-80e1-483b- bda2-60550bb0554f