THE LANDSWOMAN
Crops.
l all U1e root crops jrt'O'Wn on th~ farm man~l~ rPqniro mo•t
t •T<'
to ov. an~. Th<' .;('f'o\ ~hould be sown in l\S ftn•• a
t1lth ·~"- po~ilJit', and on heavy "'oJis thi~> c•m only l M' oht~inl'd hy
phm~hi~ early in tht- wint<'r, and <'<'rtl~lnlr not lutt>r thnn
t'hrl~trnA".
\ St <'On(l or <'TO•• plowzhing, hut a ~oml'what
'"'fef('nc···
.,hout th£> miclrlle ot .\ r•ril ut th~> r:ttP of 7 lb. of ""'•·~l pt't n<'n"
,}tllonllh If th~ -.('a-.on b hack~nrd .:\Iav .. o~inSZl:' u .. uallv ~UC'N>t'tl
t•~t · In dry rl~trirt, drill in tlw flat. nnll wh~:re Hie rnlnf:~ll
,, (;X('I'~l\~'. on TtdJ;(C3. For a 1!'t'n£'rnl utility tunnlll'l tht"n· t~
uothlng l:>ct ter than a P:ood ~otrain of " Yt'lto" Hlol~," or on
alluvial "Otl, ")lnmtnoth RPd ." Of tlw two, the htter al'f' tlw
l~tt~r keer~ers. hut thf.'y nre not .. o ('ll"il} })ltllt>d
S"<'ll<' al'f' COtnfl/lratl~h 1111 f'a~,· crop to culti\at(' 11\
tll~>trlct~ of ),r.tn rainfall, and '1\here th«' dtmnt<" Is cool. In
1 hl' south of En'tlnnd th£' crop Is often a fnlhtrt>, owin~ to nttnck11
of nllld<'w dn~> lnruely t~ ~pelb of drou~tht In !'cotl:md. and
the north of l:n~land, SO~inf{'3 fiT<' madt' ns t•nrly ao )lay, but in
the ~onth of F.n~tland swedes do llt'tter. nnd '-tand more ch:m!'t
wlwo '<0\\ n In Junf', or <>arly .Tuty, and l'>~Jl('<'tally whf'tt" on I hP
llf•lnnd fnnn!l they nr<'! l:ttgt"ly rf'li<'d upon ,1, l'hl.'t'p foocl . &cuh'
n IIM tllth nnd ~ ot 4 lh J'l('r ncrt"
''
\\lth mnnz£"1>~, <~.W('d£'.'1 mnv ll(" "O'IIi·n eithn on tht" llat or on the·
rid~....
~\\!'([,•.., do not rrndily fl!e~. 11nd wry oftl"n ') c\\t of ~IIJ'II'r·
pho ... phatP, applil.'d nt the thn«' of workin~t down thr !n'OlllHl ,
prO\t'-. nn ,,mplP dn•c;,mq Hoot' c.ompound~ ,l{iYI" ex<:X'll(•nt
re .. nlt". and appear to <'onblin JU~t that nmount of nltr~n thnt
'" IJE>nclkinl to th,. r rop. During df) \H.>:tth<'r llw he'edllna
..,\H•df'~ Off('n })('('OITW 1'0 l\l'flOURly c] ;unu~d by the fti.VI\R<'~ CJf
the turnip fiM ·hf'ctll•. thllt tlv· "hole crop 11.1'1 to bto ploullhl"d up
ancl fi"·'!OWD . .\« }Ct tltl'rl.' i~ no t-fTcctiH' J'('mcd~· for this J'l('"'t
nnd thf' hr- t thin~ to clo, "h~>n J'(Y''~ihlc. is t.o sow during moi~t
w<'nthcr, -o that th·• plant ma:o.· 1-oon df'wlop it<~ ron~oth or tnl\'
lt'M'e~. n~ tt. Is tlw ~ utylNlow.c, or f;<'ed ll':t.WS, containing con('('l\·
trated food for tlu· d••,elopmPnt of the )'Ottng plant which thf'
I M•,• UP-., actin' durina: \\arm. dr~ \\ Nttlwr, dro:;troy
'fltrniJ)" arc coutparnti\t'l}• (·:by of tultiYahou ln ~ardt n-
thcr may l.>O sown nom .\pril onward<~; in ordPr t o F.crure sound
tlrm root..~, on rarm.<~, howp,·<>r. the mum rrop l~ not ".0'101 uhhl
1\fk'r the 11wcdcs sav. In .July. ln ~tnrdens the tJUiflccr that
turn i()'l arow thP 114:tlcr the GUtlli1 ) aod to ensure tbl11 thf' l'o\1
should !)t' warm and moiRt. He:n·) &OJls ~>honld ha\'1' w.•tl
dl'<'OIDJ>O;('d manUrf', prf"fernbly hor$C 1lroppir.g·., mixed w1th
O
•
them.
U~EF
UT. CROPS.
hu" Let>u un"-pnrm~ In ltl!{ ('fiort'l to int.!Jrt .....
upon " mnUholdet" nod otlti'T'< the lmportnn('(' or continuou'>
c wpphlJZ rmcl C('ttniuly mueh mol'( could 1x> ac~omrlts-hNI
in thik dJr(•ctlon. TA•t l.l'< take, for exnmpl(', a whrnt stubbl!•
p.~rt of thl!! coould lM• RO\\ n with trirolhun, a. por11on P.brutm,
.\lr.
Wlul~~'r'rY
plon~h·rl
•
and broadc:t~<'d with ,,;ot<•r turmp<~ for fet"dln2
c•tf wath ..,lw•'J>, a put :~own with v('fclt•·' tlr wtchP!l and rnpe,
.md «till 11nnth<'r \\lth tyl", or rn.rx· nnd IJE'.
\11 thiR 111
qttltl' po .. ~lhlf' on nn rw£'raq<' Roll, nod. rurtbt>r. all thc•.e rrops
can 11(• cl,.nn• orclinars rotation
of c roppln.~t. A point \Vl' n,u'lt not lC).Q(' "ll!ht of hf"l"' l'l that not
onh do tlu•<:t' l'rops l'nno.' to ~RJlt'<'lnlh on small fnr111-.
\fMre ~n .. '\ i'l 'rn<' nn• crops which &UCCC<'d only on ~>Oil~'>
l·nntalnlrtJZ :~ f:1lr ·~uantlty of li me. Thr forn.cr mnl;ell gOOd hn.y,
l.'llpteCially \'fl•ll adapLecl for till' IN'tllng or horncd Mock nnd hOI'lY ~ .
whll~t hi!'f'tllc 1•
of h•(' tuoablr '\nlur for cutting J;f.!Cn. :-; 0
l!l!lallhold··r hould b .''Jthout n. plot of luet'roe. It, may I)('
~:- 0 ,,. 11 olorlJo( "ltb :\ "l'rm~t ~~ rt•n l t•rop 111<1' oattl or \.lnrley. lt
re~uln·- t , •·n· (•lP:ln bi'Cd -IJI!d. o, "houlcl tltt" ground be W<'<'d)
1 t 11.1 11ref•·rAI.Ih; to drill th• ~ee d . in crrdrr to admit or lnnd·hoPtn~
ooh-n!<'n the tn"Q until th~> plant~! ar!.' l"stnhllsht"d.
z8
wne \ 'r-GROWING.
:ltore ~o thnn 10 the p:1"t, th<' !!mnllholdrr rnu<~t of n!.'ces~ltJ
turn h!!l attention to thP culth ntion of C<'rcnl!l, nud tnOl'f•
eo;pr<.'hdly whN\t Wht>nrver po~<:.i hll" , whea.l should l~ ~>own ln
the nuhnnn, nt any tlnw from &ptl'mber to cn f oul
with \Ht•dq, n~ whct('
roots nr othcr cll'nnln$% crop Ill grown,
it bl"comc 11 nr<:t!' nry to l'Ummer fnllo,.,, thnn which there Is 110
t.etter prepRrnttOn for wlwnt. th!.' only J'('l(l'f't hc!ng that thl'
.l{rounJ has to T('mnln ldlt" thrmt~hout. the> d•'nnlng l)('riod.
\\ h«'r<' Tlloughln~t I~ P.Crformed lall• In the '<'n~on on henvy nod
.., 0111 f'whnt wet laud, tt i'l prt'fer-Jbll" to ?roadca~t the SC<'d on t111
Hf wlv plol!JlhNl u:round, h:trrowm~r lt m M tht" work proceccl~
on ll~tht<>r anti t',l"icr working 11\nct. drlllluJ:C 1~ prefernble, no; 11
ndntlt'\ of a mor!.' '' 'C" dl.,trihutlolt or tt.P ~pll•.
1f sown on rirh triabl•• ~oil~. whcat is apt to gl:'t tOt> liable to InJury fron• tro4 thnn \Vhen ~own In November or
J't("oember. Thr ~;owilljl (lt !lpring whMt Is r~orted to wht>n
'"':'lthc'r conditions hnve mnde it impo~~lble to sow th<' whoh•
arP(l illlotted to wht>.at In the autumn. Sprln(( sowings are b<.'' duri~ open W't'athl'r in February or :\Jnrch, althou~th
.\ prll !lrf'dli~ nttl'H yi,•ld'~ l"t)Unlly well.
How l*~«t to tnrreacrE' th(' yield of when.t J*r acre Is a problem
th11t pr~e<.-lw farmcN\ nr~> unx1ous to solve, nod tnere can }lj>
littl~> doubt. hut. thnt tht" indl~rrlmlnatc plou~hhlJ:C up of undrnln('d
luud will t•ro\t" 11 ~rlou<:. tax on fnrm labour, whi<'h Is alreatly
wn· deflci<'nt. Where thl" culUvated pltlnt does not cover tltP
,l{roimd, \;{';.'d" ~oon drmand a shnr!.' of the aYnllabl<' plnnt food ,
\\'hit h io; U"lnally none too abundant.
~t'irnrn comhined with c;ound practice ha~ "'hown how maxi·
mum viPlds ma'' be ol•talned. .l't~t of all, the mechani<.'al
r-onditfon of the FOil tnu!it receive attention, nod in this connection
olimntic conditions are undoubtedly a very ini1uentlal factor.
&>condlv, the ~~elt"ction of th<' !!eed l!i oi considerablP lmportauce,
and Ju~f ns th<' potato-grower mu,t rt>ly upon Improved vnrietle-<
f"'"
J}O ... ~·--.in~
n
!ltron~r
con!ltitution than
th~
which have been
""t-nkened by int(•nsiw cultivation, so mu!lt thP whel\t·grom"r
l!i\"(' attvntion to new or regt>nernU'd wheat«.
Th<' cnrdul npplicatlon of con('('ntrat.t'd f<>rtlU<;erS has done
tnu<.'h to rni~ the );eJd of nil cere11l crops, but the clectrlflcatioo
or ~'I'll ll'hrnt J, likely to <'J'('ate n nt"W ern In tht" growing of coru
n op-
1'1w Engll-.lt fo rmer grow ... more wheat ou nn acre of ground
thnn thP farnl<'r or any other country, though the fact Is not
j.!em·rall~· known
TbP New Zealnnd farmer comes second, the
Gi>rm11n about t~tgbth nnd tht- J.'rench nnd Anstrlan farmer
ninth on the ll~tt.
WREA T \' \ RIETIES.
'fllel'f' are t"ndless varletle~ of ll'h~>at fronl whlcl1 to c;elect .
but it i<; a huy<; ber-t to kPCp to those that mny bP suited to ~~
parth'nlar «oil or dinmt{" "Uecl Standard" is a general
tl\\ ourit.P, although on Rome soils it is almost lmnossible to
•lts~'<·rn n.n~· dllf«'rt"n~
between lt and " S'tuarehead'K l\lnst~r."
.\ -. :\ rull', l.owe•, .. er. thl' straw of the former fs stouter and 11'~'1
hahlt' to " lod~t" ·• " Bent"fnttor " has come Into prmnlnen('(>
durtUR tht" last )ear or two, and Is undoubtedly one of the be!'.t
Whlre Wheat<:. :tl\d especially in view of the fact thnt the grain Ill
lr-..<; llkPly t~ ~prout In a wet sctu~on than In the case of tht>
a wrn~ whit.(' varieties.
~:rowers arc a,~lttle soeptlcalln rt"gard to the yielding capaQ!ty
ol J,tttJe .ro~.. .
'\\'(' have secured heavy yields of this variety
In thl" south of England, and it doe'! even better in the epstetD
count lr' but In the we11t of Jo; n,l{land it Is undoubt~dly more or
lr""· ri'~ky to llrow. Howe,--er it a full plnnt is secured thl!\
~ ,lftf"l Y can \l~~rally be dt-pcnded \lf•Oil to vleld Well. It i!\ A
a~~.., l"'lwt>Pn, 8~1ua~h!:'nd's l'lfnster., and '' Ohurlm."
nul'foloynC' ~ Fife fs undoubtedly one of the l:>cst sprlniC
wht"at..,, !' 11 d admits of bcl n~ sown later than any other sort..
"hill" lt tnvarJably yleldr! best in tht" second and tblrd year on
the Mme !arm, aft.c' r chang!n~ lbr seed. On some soils at
-.ucccNi.~ fiUIU> wdl when sown in November. 'l'here are few
prettlrr Mmplt'' or milling wheat when well grown • but being
one of the first wheat'! t.o ripen) '"hen autumn-!0\~n. and for
~f ~~~J~~ons lt often bl'comes lrll whose crop>~ tu(' llkoly t.o suffer from tht• onslaught
Bl 'IP.'\~rowl! \voulcl be Wt"l ndvil)('d to lllve n.ttentlon to Percl\'111' 11
~~~ • 00 <' whrat '!hill I!! o. hl'ardcd wheat nnd one \\ htch I•
rn:ct~C'1.Jil~ lmDUtOP frOm t!Jllll'TOW tl.tt.ac){s When in fuJ) CaT. lt
" J~ nr
e IJc~t bt.>nrdcd wheat 1or l.':uly sowing
A though m> are ltivlog o. trlnl to :. VIctor " this Is a variety