T. Benedict et al.: J Extra Corpor Technol 2026, 58, 65--72 69
Figure 3. Distribution of post-oxygenator GME count by pressure type.
Figure 4. Distribution of post-oxygenator GME volume by initiation type.
Table 3. Pairwise comparisons of median GME count by pressure type( N = 50).
Type |
p-value * |
Control vs. �20 mmHg |
< 0.0001 |
Control vs. �40 mmHg |
< 0.0001 |
�20 mmHg vs. �40 mmHg |
0.1985 |
* Dwass, Steel, Critchlow-Fligner( DSCF) test.
Table 5. Pairwise comparisons of median GME volume by initiation type( N = 50).
Type |
p-value * |
Control vs. Instant |
0.0004 |
Control vs. Delayed |
0.0009 |
Instant vs. Delayed |
0.0037 |
* Dwass, Steel, Critchlow-Fligner( DSCF) test.
Table
4. Median GME volume( 10 �7) by test type( N = 50).
Type |
n |
Median |
[ IQR ] |
Control |
10 |
0.13 |
[ 0.01--0.72 ] |
Instant( �20 mmHg) |
10 |
24.60 |
[ 18.10--30.60 ] |
Instant( �40 mmHg) |
10 |
43.00 |
[ 28.70--198.00 ] |
Delayed( �20 mmHg) |
10 |
12.85 |
[ 11.00--18.20 ] |
Delayed( �40 mmHg) |
10 |
23.80 |
[ 14.30--37.90 ] |
delayed initiation groups. When assessing post-oxygenator GME volume based on initiation types( Figure 4), there was a statistically significant difference in median volume between types( p < 0.001). Post-hoc analyses found statistically significant differences between median GME volume in control versus instant( 0.13 10 �7 vs. 29.75 10 �7, respectively; p = 0.0004), in control versus delayed( 0.13 10 �7 vs. 15.25 10 �7, respectively; p = 0.0009), and in instant versus delayed( 29.75 10 �7 vs. 15.25 10 �7, respectively; p = 0.0037)( Table 5). Additionally, comparing GME volume across the different pressures post oxygenator( Figure 5) found there was a statistically significant difference in median GME volume between pressures( p < 0.001). Post-hoc analyses reported statistically significant differences between median GME volume in control versus �20 mmHg( 0.13 10 �7 vs. 18.15 10 �7, respectively; p = 0.0009), and control versus �40 mmHg( 0.13 10 �7 vs. 30.00 10 �7, respectively; p = 0.0004). However, no statistically significant difference was observed between �20 mmHg and �40 mmHg conditions( 18.15 10 �7 vs. 30.00 10 �7, respectively; p = 0.0343)( Table 6).( Table 6). Supporting figures
Figure 5. Distribution of post-oxygen GME volume by pressure type.
Table 6. Pairwise comparisons of median GME volume by pressure type( N = 50).
Type |
p-value * |
Control vs. �20 mmHg |
0.0009 |
Control vs. �40 mmHg |
0.0004 |
�20 mmHg vs. �40 mmHg |
0.0343 |
* Dwass, Steel, Critchlow-Fligner( DSCF) test.