38 A. Saini et al.: J Extra Corpor Technol 2026, 58, 32 – 38
References
1. Brenner M, Stein D, Hu P, Kufera J, Wooford M, Scalea T. Association between early hyperoxia and worse outcomes after traumatic brain injury. Arch Surg. 2012; 147( 11): 1042 – 1046.
2. Lilien TA, Groeneveld NS, van Etten-Jamaludin F, et al. Association of arterial hyperoxia with outcomes in critically ill children: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Netw Open. 2022; 5( 1): e2142105.
3. Klinger G, Beyene J, Shah P, Perlman M. Do hyperoxaemia and hypocapnia add to the risk of brain injury after intrapartum asphyxia? Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2005; 90( 1): F49 – F52.
4. Kilgannon JH, Jones AE, Parrillo JE, et al. Relationship between supranormal oxygen tension and outcome after resuscitation from cardiac arrest. Circulation. 2011; 123( 23): 2717 – 2722.
5. Elmer J, Scutella M, Pullalarevu R, et al. The association between hyperoxia and patient outcomes after cardiac arrest: Analysis of a high-resolution database. Intensive Care Med. 2015; 41( 1): 49 – 57.
6. Hayes RA, Shekar K, Fraser JF. Is hyperoxaemia helping or hurting patients during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation? Review of a complex problem. Perfusion. 2013; 28( 3): 184 – 193.
7. Tonna JE, Boonstra PS, MacLaren G, et al. Extracorporeal Life Support Organization Registry International Report 2022: 100, 000 survivors. ASAIO J. 2024; 70( 2): 131 – 143.
8. Hatami S, Hefler J, Freed DH. Inflammation and oxidative stress in the context of extracorporeal cardiac and pulmonary support. Front Immunol. 2022; 13: Article 831930.
9. Cashen K, Reeder R, Dalton HJ, et al. Hyperoxia and hypocapnia during pediatric extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: Associations with complications, mortality, and functional status among survivors. Pediat Critical Care Med. 2018; 19( 3): 245 – 253.
10. Sznycer-Taub NR, Lowery R, Yu S, Owens ST, Hirsch-Romano JC, Owens GE. Hyperoxia is associated with poor outcomes in pediatric cardiac patients supported on venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Pediat Critical Care Med. 2016; 17( 4): 350 – 358.
11. Beshish AG, Jahadi O, Mello A, Yarlagadda VV, Shin AY, Kwiatkowski DM. Hyperoxia during cardiopulmonary bypass is associated with mortality in infants undergoing cardiac surgery. Pediat Critical Care Med. 2021; 22( 5): 445 – 453.
12. Extracorporeal Life Support Organization( ELSO) Registry Data Definitions. Improving global outcomes 2012 clinical practice guideline; 2012. Available at: https:// www. elso. org / portals / 0 / files / new % 20registry % 20elso % 20registry % 20data % 20definitions % 202025. pdf Accessed September 24, 2025
13. Stevens PE, Levin A. Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes Chronic Kidney Disease Guideline Development Work Group Members. Evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease: synopsis of the kidney disease: improving global outcomes 2012 clinical practice guideline. Ann Intern Med. 2013; 158( 11): 825 – 830.
14. Pollack MM, Holubkov R, Glass P, et al. Functional Status Scale: new pediatric outcome measure. Pediatrics. 2009; 124( 1): e18 – e28.
15. Beshish AG, Rodriguez Z, Farhat MH, et al. Functional status change among infants, children, and adolescents following extracorporeal life support: A multicenter report. ASAIO J. 2023; 69( 1): 114 – 121.
16. Pollack MM, Holubkov R, Funai T, Clark A, Moler F, Shanley T, et al. Relationship between the functional status scale and the pediatric overall performance category and pediatric cerebral performance category scales. JAMA Pediatr. 2014; 168( 7): 671 – 676.
17. Lefer DJ, Granger DN. Oxidative stress and cardiac disease. Am J Med. 2000; 109( 4): 315 – 323.
18. Ni YN, Wang YM, Liang BM, Liang ZA. The effect of hyperoxia on mortality in critically ill patients: A systematic review and meta analysis. BMC Pulm Med. 2019; 19( 1):
19. Ramgopal S, Dezfulian C, Hickey RW, et al. Early hyperoxemia and outcome among critically ill children. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2020; 21( 2): e129 – e132.
20. Ferguson LP, Durward A, Tibby SM. Relationship between arterial partial oxygen pressure after resuscitation from cardiac arrest and mortality in children. Circulation. 2012; 126( 3): 335 – 342.
21. Bonnemain J, Rusca M, Ltaief Z, et al. Hyperoxia during extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation for refractory cardiac arrest is associated with severe circulatory failure and increased mortality. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2021; 21( 1): 542.
22. Jentzer JC, Miller PE, Alviar C, Yalamuri S, Bohman JK, Tonna JE. Exposure to arterial hyperoxia during extracorporeal membrane oxygenator support and mortality in patients with cardiogenic shock. Circ Heart Fail. 2023; 16( 4): Article e010328.
23. Celińska-Spodar M, Załȩska-Kociȩcka M, Banaś S, et al. Arterial hyperoxia and mortality in patients undergoing venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Shock. 2023; 59( 1): 20 – 27.
Cite this article as: Saini A, Shamah R, Qian J, Keane-Lerner K, Morales PR, Nayi P, Shyam A, Davis J, John M, Viamonte H & Beshish AG. Impact of early hyperoxia on outcomes during neonatal and pediatric veno-arterial extracorporeal life support. J Extra Corpor Technol 2026, 58, 32 – 38. https:// doi. org / 10.1051 / ject / 2025057.