24 T. Rath et al.: J Extra Corpor Technol 2026, 58, 19 – 31
Figure
4. Box plot of post-reservoir( venous) GME count data. Box plot showing the total number of GME measured for 3 min( 180 s) by the“ venous” sensor for suction flow rate and reservoir levels, including all reservoir types( Medtronic Affinity Fusion, Liva Nova SORIN Inspire 8F, and Terumo CAPIOX FX25 Advance). Roller pump suction flow rate: 25 RPM( 0.32 L / min), 50 RPM( 0.65 L / min), 75 RPM( 0.99 L / min), and 100 RPM( 1.32 L / min), and reservoir level( mL) is on the x-axis, and total bubble number is on the y-axis. The lines in each boxplot represent the median values, and the black circles in each boxplot represent the averages.
Table 2. Statistical analysis for the“ venous” GME sensor for all test reservoirs combined. This shows post-hoc comparisons of the average difference in GME number by roller pump suction speed: 25 RPM( 0.32 L / min), 50 RPM( 0.65 L / min), 75 RPM( 0.99 L / min), and 100 RPM( 1.32 L / min) at a constant venous reservoir level( 200 mL, 500 mL, 1000 mL). Statistically significant differences are denoted by p <. 05 and are shown in bold, with adjustments made using the Tukey HSD method.
Reservoir level |
Suction speed 1 |
Suction speed 2 |
Difference in average GME number |
Adjusted P-value |
200 mL |
25 RPM |
50 RPM |
2284.12 |
0.371 |
200 mL |
25 RPM |
75 RPM |
7239.84 |
0 |
200 mL |
25 RPM |
100 RPM |
14112.36 |
0 |
200 mL |
50 RPM |
75 RPM |
4955.72 |
0 |
200 mL |
50 RPM |
100 RPM |
11828.24 |
0 |
200 mL |
75 RPM |
100 RPM |
6872.52 |
0 |
500 mL |
25 RPM |
50 RPM |
981.391 |
0.997 |
500 mL |
25 RPM |
75 RPM |
3997.652 |
0.003 |
500 mL |
25 RPM |
100 RPM |
10142.609 |
0 |
500 mL |
50 RPM |
75 RPM |
3016.261 |
0.084 |
500 mL |
50 RPM |
100 RPM |
9161.217 |
0 |
500 mL |
75 RPM |
100 RPM |
6144.957 |
0 |
1,000 mL |
25 RPM |
50 RPM |
470.565 |
1 |
1,000 mL |
25 RPM |
75 RPM |
1467 |
0.936 |
1,000 mL |
25 RPM |
100 RPM |
4397.087 |
0.001 |
1,000 mL |
50 RPM |
75 RPM |
996.435 |
0.997 |
1,000 mL |
50 RPM |
100 RPM |
3926.522 |
0.004 |
1,000 mL |
75 RPM |
100 RPM |
2930.087 |
0.107 |
different perspective. Statistically significant differences are denoted by p <. 05 and are shown in bold, with adjustments made using the Tukey HSD method. There were no significant differences in bubble numbers at suction speeds of 25 RPM and
50 RPM as the level increased from 200 mL to 1000 mL. At a suction speed of 75 RPM, the average difference in GME number exhibited an indirect relationship with level and showed significant changes at reservoir levels of 200 – 500 mL