The Journal of ExtraCorporeal Technology No 57-3 | Page 42

152 J. R. Neal et al.: J Extra Corpor Technol 2025, 57, 147--152
Ethics approval
No formal research was implemented for this paper; as such, no ethical declarations need to be made.
References
1. Hermens JA, Meuwese CL, Szymanski MK, Gianoli M, van Dijk D, Donker DW, Patient-centered weaning from venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation:“ A practice-oriented narrative review of literature”. Perfusion. 2023; 38( 7): 1349-- 1359.
2. Fried JA, Masoumi A, Takeda K, Brodie D. How I approach weaning from venoarterial ECMO. Crit Care. 2020; 24( 1): 307.
3. Charbonneau F, Chahinian K, Bebawi E, et al. Parameters associated with successful weaning of veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: a systematic review. Crit Care. 2022; 26( 1): 375.
4. Ju MH, Lim MH, Lee SY, Lee CH, Je HG. Early experience of pump-controlled retrograde trial off for weaning from venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in adult patients with cardiogenic shock. Perfusion. 2021; 36( 4): 401--406.
5. Pandya NR, Daley M, Mattke A, et al. A comparison of pumpcontrolled retrograde trial off to arterio-venous bridging for weaning from venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2019. https:// doi. org / 10.1093 / ejcts / ezy485.
6. Lau FM, Chan WK, Mok YT, et al. Feasibility of pumpcontrolled retrograde trial off in weaning from veno-arterial ECMO in adults: A single-center case series. Artif Organs. 2023; 47( 6): 1046--1058.
7. Brahmbhatt DH, Daly AL, Luk AC, Fan E, Billia F. Liberation From venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: a review. Circ Heart Fail. 2021; 14( 7): e007679.
8. Neal JR, Quintana E, Pike RB, Hoyer JD, Joyce LD, Schears G. Using daily plasma-free hemoglobin levels for diagnosis of critical pump thrombus in patients undergoing ECMO or VAD support. J Extra Corpor Technol. 2015; 47( 2) 103--108.
9. Tohme J, Piat C, Aissat N, et al. Weaning-related shock in patients with ECMO: Incidence, mortality, and predisposing factors. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2021; 35( 1): 41--47.
10. Li MJ, Shi JY, Zhang JH. Bivalirudin vs. heparin in paediatric and adult patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: A meta-analysis. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2022; 88( 6): 2605--2616.
11. Thourani VH, Kirshbom PM, Kanter KR, et al. Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation( VA-ECMO) in pediatric cardiac support., Ann Thorac Surg. 2006; 82( 1): 138--144; discussion 144-5.
12. Giuliano K, Bigelow BF, Etchill EW, et al. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation complications in heparin- and bivalirudin-treated patients. Crit Care Explor. 2021; 3( 7): e0485.
13. Zucker ML, Koster A, Prats J, Laduca FM. Sensitivity of a modified ACT test to levels of bivalirudin used during cardiac surgery. J Extra Corpor Technol. 2005; 37( 4): 364--368.
14. Helms J, Frere C, Thiele T, et al. Anticoagulation in adult patients supported with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: guidance from the Scientific and Standardization Committees on Perioperative and Critical Care Haemostasis and Thrombosis of the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. J Thromb Haemost. 2023; 21( 2): 373--396.
15. Smythe MA, Koerber JM, Nowak SN, et al. Correlation between activated clotting time and activated partial thromboplastin times. Ann Pharmacother. 2002; 36( 1): 7--11.
16. Seelhammer TG, Bohman JK, Schulte PJ, Hanson AC, Aganga DO. Comparison of bivalirudin versus heparin for maintenance systemic anticoagulation during adult and pediatric extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Crit Care Med. 2021; 49( 9): 1481-- 1492.
17. McNinch J, Searles B, Darling E. Preserving ECMO cannulae patency. J Extra Corpor Technol. 2018; 50( 2): 99--101.
18. Bobillo-Perez S, Cuaresma A, Girona-Alarcon M, et al. Weaning from neonatal and pediatric ECMO with stand-by cannula. J Artif Organs. 2021; 24:507--510.
19. Kawabori M, Cassidy C, Zhan Y, et al. Outcomes of weaning trial from veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation using inflow-outflow bridging. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2019; 38: S435--S436.
20. Zens T, Ochoa B, Eldredge RS, Molitor M. Pediatric venoarterial and venovenous ECMO. Semin Pediatr Surg. 2023; 32( 4): 151327.
21. Haldenwang PL, Baumann A, Elghannam M, et al. Two-stage weaning strategy using veno-veno-arterial perfusion for patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation following cardiogenic shock. Perfusion. 2019; 34( 8): 689--695.
22. Westrope C, Harvey C, Robinson S, Speggiorin S, Faulkner G, Peek GJ. Pump controlled retrograde trial off from VA-ECMO. ASAIO J. 2013; 59( 5): 517--519.
23. Vranken NPA, Theelen AJAJ, Orbons T, Barenbrug PJC, Weerwind PW. Point-of-care measurement of kaolin activated clotting time during cardiopulmonary bypass: a single sample comparison between ACT Plus and i-STAT. J Extra Corpor Technol. 2021; 53( 1): 57--61.
Cite this article as: Neal JR, Mishin PV, Blau CL, Aganga DO & Seelhammer TG. Using an intermittent flow(“ clamp and flash”) method to assess the readiness to wean from VA ECMO in adult and pediatric patients. J Extra Corpor Technol 2025, 57, 147--152. https:// doi. org / 10.1051 / ject / 2025018.