The Journal of ExtraCorporeal Technology No 57-2 | Page 50

R. Murray et al.: J Extra Corpor Technol 2025, 57, 96 – 104 101
Table
3. Biomarker values while on mechanical circulatory support. Biomarker Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 5
N = 14 1
N = 13 1
N = 10 1
N = 9 1
N = 9 2
sTREM-1( ng / L)
371( 183, 264, 463, 898) [ 390, 185 ]
367( 120, 325, 498, 1054) [ 434, 270 ]
392( 141, 227, 576, 815) [ 427, 243 ]
421( 154, 359, 531, 738) [ 435, 190 ]
314( 160, 185, 629 880) [ 435, 277 ]
Presepsin( pg / mL)
46,498( 6267, 24,368, 142,630, 1,059,987) [ 157,420, 285,461 ]
62,389( 8476, 26,010, 100,297, 1,059,987) [ 155,675, 294,245 ]
39,496( 12,916, 24,411, 66,552, 396,664) [ 82,683, 120,826 ]
31,986( 15,155, 27,876, 82,103, 191,587) [ 61,354, 58,766 ]
27,453( 11,537, 15,197, 88,020, 143,358) [ 55,680, 54,380 ]
CRP( mg / mL)
61( 19, 44, 187, 632)
112( 41, 80, 316, 544)
119( 21, 77, 236,
90( 13, 45, 166, 544)
80( 23, 40, 288,
[ 131, 167 ]
[ 196, 168 ]
556) [ 194, 191 ]
PCT( ng / mL)
1( 0, 0, 2, 57) [ 5, 15 ]
1( 0, 0, 2, 189) [ 16, 52 ]
0.78( 0.05, 0.42,
1.31, 5.26)
[ 1.19, 1.52 ]
[ 171, 191 ] 0.34( 0.03, 0.06, 1.34, 2.96) [ 0.84, 1.02 ]
1016) [ 252, 354 ] 0.44( 0.06, 0.14, 1.39, 2.12) [ 0.79, 0.82 ]
Legend: 1 Median( Minimum, Interquartile Range, Maximum) [ Mean, Standard Deviation ]. Biomarker values presented represent uninfected time periods for the first five days of mechanical circulatory support. N decreases over time as patients began to develop infections. Soluble Triggering Receptor expressed on myeloid cells( sTREM-1), C-Reactive Protein( CRP). Due to the use of residual samples, there were some instances of patients missing samples.
Figure 2. Biomarker response to infection. Legend: Biomarker response to the development of infection( Lines indicate median values; boxes indicate 25 – 75th percentiles; and whiskers indicate the range). Day-3 represents 72 h in advance of infection( N = 10), day-2 represents 48 h in advance of infection( N = 10), day-1 represents 24 h in advance of infection( N = 10) and day 0 represents the day the culture was obtained that developed an infection( N = 7). Soluble Triggering Receptor expressed on Myeloid cells( sTREM-1), C-Reactive Protein( CRP), Procalcitonin( PCT).
Discussion
To our knowledge this is the first study examining these novel biomarkers, Presepsin and sTREM-1 in MCS patients. We compared and evaluated these novel biomarkers for infection against current commonly used biomarkers CRP and Procalcitonin. We found that levels of these biomarkers were elevated in our patient population, that Presepsin and sTREM-1 did not increase during the cannulation to MCS event and that Presepsin, but not sTREM-1, appeared to have an associated decrease in response to a new infection on MCS.