A . G . Beshish et al .: J Extra Corpor Technol 2024 , 56 , 174 – 184 183
baseline characteristics differed in the hyperoxia group , notably including time to cannulation and site of cannulation . It is potential that these factors were strongly associated with patient outcomes and are variables that must be considered in future investigations . It is unknown if cannulation position affects oxygen delivery and hyperoxia exposure and is a potential topic for future studies . Many of these limitations can be addressed in a multicenter validation study , which our group is currently pursuing , and ultimately a randomized controlled trial . We also acknowledge that after controlling for confounders , hyperoxia ( PaO 2 > 182 mmHg ) was not associated with outcomes . This may be due to a small sample size and can be addressed in a multicenter validation study .
Conclusions
Of the 65 patients who required ECLS post-Norwood operation , 27 ( 42 %) survived hospital discharge . Using a derived cut point , hyperoxia was associated with 5 higher odds of mortality in unadjusted analysis . When adjusted for confounding variables , there was no association with mortality . Hyperoxia was not associated with the development of AKI , PPLOS , or a new functional status morbidity . Multicenter and prospective evaluation of this modifiable risk factor is imperative to improve the care of this high-risk cohort .
Funding The authors received no funding to complete this research .
Conflicts of interest The Authors declare no conflict of interest .
Data availability statement All available data are incorporated into the article .
Author contribution statement
A . B . and D . K . designed the study . Data collection was completed byS . E ., A . E ., A . H ., S . P ., A . A ., A . H ., J . D ., A . A ., andA . B . Y . X ., and D . K . analyzed the data . A . B . wrote the initial manuscript , and all authors contributed to subsequent revisions and the final version .
Ethics approval
This study was approved by the Children ’ s Healthcare of Atlanta Institutional Review Board : Study ID No . ( IRB # 00001119 ), approved on 07 / 19 / 2021 .
Supplementary Material
The supplementary material of this article is available at https :// ject . edpsciences . org / 10.1051 / ject / 2024020 / olm .
Supplemental Table 1 : Patient Demographics and Clinical Characteristics for Neonates Requiring Extracorporeal Life Support post- Norwood Operation Stratified by Timing of ECLS initiation (< 5 days post-Norwood vs > 5 days post-Norwood ).
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