The Journal of ExtraCorporeal Technology No 56-3 | Page 56

N . E . Portuguez Jaramillo et al .: J Extra Corpor Technol 2024 , 56 , 128 – 135 131 Table 1 . Characteristics of the included studies .

Year of publication Number of patients

Intervention duration

Training description

Training description

Schmidt et al .

Marko et al Schmidt et al

2020 2014 2021 2020 2018 2021 2017

13 weeks , 3 times per week 6 weeks , Frequency : 3 times a week . In both groups , follow-up calls were made in week 2, 4 , and 6 ( new signs or symptoms , medications , hospitalizations ).

Hospitalization period ( T0 ): from 15 to 62 days , approximately 4 weeks in-hospital .

Discharge Time ( T1 ) 2 sessions a day for 6 days a week .

Total de participants n = 10

15 sessions 5 weeks Duration : 3 weeks , 22 days and each session corresponded to 30 min . Follow-up of 482 days after device implantation .

They carried out an evaluation at the beginning and at the end of the program with a 6-minute walk test . Training 4 sets of 4 min with intensity of 80 %– 90 % VO 2 alternating with 3 min lower intensity 50 %– 60 % VO 2 .

Carry out evaluation at the beginning and end of the program with a 6-minute walk test . Training for 28 continuous minutes with a reserve of 50 %– 60 % VO 2 .

Physical training of 18 sessions of aerobic exercise between 60 % and 80 % of the HR reserve . It included walking on a treadmill , stationary bicycle , arm ergometer , recumbent stepper ) 30 min at 60 % of HR max 80 %.

Initial evaluation 6MWT , Heart Rate and Borg .

Interval training ( Bicycle / treadmill ) and progression to continuous exercise 40 min per session .

Strength training : 1 set of 12 repetitions of 5 muscle groups MMSS and MMII . Aerobic exercises : walking and / or cycling 60 – 70 % of the maximum oxygen consumption measured in the stress test . Respiratory exercises : Respiratory incentive .

HTx group : They underwent the same CR program as LVAD patients

Each training session lasted 30 min : 3 min warm-up and six 30-s high-intensity intervals , each followed by a 4-min active recovery period . For the first three sessions (“ induction phase ”), the prescribed workloads were 40 % PPO warm-up , 80 % PPO intervals , and 30 % PPO cool-down periods .

Workloads were increased in the fourth training session to 50 % PPO warm-up , 100 % PPO high-intensity intervals , and 40 % PPO recovery periods .

Bicycle , at the beginning of the RC average 10 / 25 W at the beginning of the RC and at the end up to an average of 14 / 36 W .

“ Total participants n = 41 patients with LVAD ”

Total participants n = 68 patients with LVAD

Duration : 32 ± 6 days of rehabilitation Duration : 3 – 5 weeks

MMII Strength Training

MMII strength training : Leg press , leg extensor , leg flexor , lower limb abductor , lower limb adductor , 2 sets of 12 repetitions each .

Gymnastic training : coordination , strength and balance training .

Aerobic training Treadmill MMII Muscle Endurance Training

Aerobic training : Bicycle ergometer , 3-minute intervals of cycling without load at the beginning and end of the session to warm up and cool down .

Hikes : Trails that covered different distances and elevations in different periods of time .

Frequency : 5 and 7 days per week .

Resistance exercise was especially focused on muscular endurance . Lower extremity training ( 3 sets of 20 repetitions ) using medical exercise machines ( e . g ., leg curl , leg extension , and leg press ) or small exercise tools ( e . g ., theraband and dumbbells ). Ergotherapy ( if necessary ) and exercise therapy ( including resistance training on a bicycle ergometer ) were generally performed 3 – 5 days per week . The monitored bicycle training in most cases was performed using the interval method with 20 s of high intensity tracking followed by 40 s of low intensity .

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