88 B . Ali et al .: J Extra Corpor Technol 2024 , 56 , 84 – 93
Figure 1 . Patient allocation flowchart for control , intervention A and Intervention B groups .
groups ; p = 0.454 . Among rdNCS group 25 ( 62.5 %), rldNCS group 22 ( 55 %), and prdNCS 25 ( 62.5 %) were male and observed with insignificant difference ; p = 0.732 . Mean BMI for the rdNCS group was 26.09 (± 4.30 ), the rldNCS group 25.90 (± 4.33 ), and the prdNCS group 25.35 (± 3.67 ) kg / m 2 respectively ; p = 0.732 . All clinical characteristics including ; Hypertension ( HTN ), Diabetes Meletus ( DM ), Hyperlipidemia ( HLP ), Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ( COPD ), Asthma , Pulmonary Hypertension ( P . HTN ), Carotid Stenosis ( C . St ), Canadian Cardiovascular Society ( CCS ) Class 4 Angina , New York Heart Association ( NYHA ), Ejection Fraction ( EF ), and EuroSCORE II were normal with no statistical difference among groups respectively ; p > 0.05 ( Table 2 ).
Primary outcomes
Primarily the CK-MB , Troponin T , Troponin I , and lactate levels were observed at four different times ; post-induction
( baseline ), 2 , 12 , and 24 h postoperatively . All four markers were analyzed for three main differences ; time effect among the groups , time interactions within the group , and overall differences among the groups based on test values . The study found no significant differences in CK-MB levels based on time effect , time interaction within groups , and among groups based on test values ( p = 0.344 , p = 0.787 , and p = 0.078 , respectively ). Similarly , no significant differences were observed for Troponin T levels within groups based on time interaction and among groups based on test values ( p = 0.759 and p = 0.143 , respectively ), but a significant effect for time was found ( p = 0.034 ). However , the time difference of Troponin T levels among groups was within the normal range , so it did not support or reject the hypothesis ( Table 3 ).
For Troponin I levels , no significant differences were observed among groups , within groups based on time interaction , and groups interaction based on test values ( p = 0.609 , p = 0.444 , and p = 0.311 , respectively ). Similarly , no significant