Number of cases |
40,777 |
10,261 |
9295 |
9731 |
11,490 |
||
Number of hospitals |
42 |
38 |
38 |
38 |
42 |
||
Number of cases / center , median ( IQR ) |
181.5 ( 121.8, 277.2 ) |
197.5 ( 131.0, 295.5 ) |
168.0 ( 112.8, 234.2 ) |
178.0 ( 108.0, 272.0 ) |
194.5 ( 127.2, 308.0 ) |
||
Procedure type |
< 0.001 |
||||||
Valve |
6780 ( 16.6 ) |
1785 ( 17.4 ) |
1492 ( 16.1 ) |
1557 ( 16.0 ) |
1946 ( 16.9 ) |
||
PredMM # , median (%) |
9.6 [ 6.2, 16.6 ] ( n = 6780 ) |
9.6 [ 6.3, 16.7 ] |
9.7 [ 6.2, 16.7 ] |
9.6 [ 6.2, 16.3 ] |
9.5 [ 6.2, 16.5 ] |
||
CABG |
22,406 ( 54.9 ) |
5454 ( 53.2 ) |
5118 ( 55.1 ) |
5586 ( 57.4 ) |
6248 ( 54.4 ) |
||
PredMM # , median (%) |
8.4 [ 5.7, 13.3 ] ( n = 22,406 ) |
8.5 [ 5.8, 13.7 ] |
8.5 [ 5.8, 13.5 ] |
8.3 [ 5.6, 13.4 ] |
8.2 [ 5.6, 12.9 ] |
||
CABG + Valve |
3217 ( 7.9 ) |
928 ( 9.0 ) |
715 ( 7.7 ) |
709 ( 7.3 ) |
865 ( 7.5 ) |
||
PredMM # , median (%) |
18.1 [ 12.9, 26.8 ] ( n = 3217 ) |
17.9 [ 12.9, 26.1 ] |
18.9 [ 13.3, 29.2 ] |
17.7 [ 12.8, 26.5 ] |
18.1 [ 12.5, 26.4 ] |
||
Other |
8374 ( 20.5 ) |
2094 ( 20.4 ) |
1970 ( 21.2 ) |
1879 ( 19.3 ) |
2431 ( 21.2 ) |
||
PredMM # , median (%) |
4.8 [ 3.8, 5.9 ] ( n = 8374 ) |
3.4 [ 3.4, 3.4 ] |
6.2 [ 4.3, 7.4 ] |
4.8 [ 4.8, 4.8 ] |
4.80 [ 3.9, 5.7 ] |
||
Demographics |
|||||||
Gender |
0.66 |
||||||
Male |
29,198 ( 71.6 ) |
7361 ( 71.7 ) |
6692 ( 72.0 ) |
6961 ( 71.5 ) |
8184 ( 71.2 ) |
||
Female |
11,579 ( 28.4 ) |
2900 ( 28.3 ) |
2603 ( 28.0 ) |
2770 ( 28.5 ) |
3306 ( 28.8 ) |
||
Unknown |
0 ( 0.0 ) |
0 ( 0.0 ) |
0 ( 0.0 ) |
0 ( 0.0 ) |
0 ( 0.0 ) |
||
Age , median |
66.0 [ 58.0, 73.0 ] |
66.0 [ 58.0, 72.0 ] |
66.0 [ 58.0, 73.0 ] |
66.0 [ 58.0, 73.0 ] |
66.0 [ 58.0, 73.0 ] |
0.50 |
0.5 |
Race |
< 0.001 |
0 |
|||||
Caucasian |
32,902 ( 80.7 ) |
8053 ( 78.5 ) |
7409 ( 79.7 ) |
8091 ( 83.1 ) |
9349 ( 81.4 ) |
||
Black |
3505 ( 8.6 ) |
982 ( 9.6 ) |
763 ( 8.2 ) |
809 ( 8.3 ) |
951 ( 8.3 ) |
||
Other |
2202 ( 5.4 ) |
475 ( 4.6 ) |
436 ( 4.7 ) |
550 ( 5.7 ) |
741 ( 6.4 ) |
||
Unknown |
2168 ( 5.3 ) |
751 ( 7.3 ) |
687 ( 7.4 ) |
281 ( 2.9 ) |
449 ( 3.9 ) |
||
Risk factors |
|||||||
Diabetes |
15,962 ( 39.1 ) |
3945 ( 38.4 ) |
3618 ( 38.9 ) |
3984 ( 40.9 ) |
4415 ( 38.4 ) |
< 0.001 |
0 |
Peripheral arterial disease |
5072 ( 12.4 ) |
1349 ( 13.1 ) |
1209 ( 13.0 ) |
1152 ( 11.8 ) |
1362 ( 11.9 ) |
0.003 |
0 |
Cerebrovascular disease |
9336 ( 22.9 ) |
2402 ( 23.4 ) |
2208 ( 23.8 ) |
2214 ( 22.8 ) |
2512 ( 21.9 ) |
0.006 |
0 |
Chronic lung disease moderate / severe |
4391 ( 10.8 ) |
1044 ( 10.2 ) |
950 ( 10.2 ) |
1136 ( 11.7 ) |
1261 ( 11.0 ) |
0.002 |
0.1 |
White blood cell count |
0.003 |
0 |
|||||
< 4.5 |
2014 ( 4.9 ) |
505 ( 4.9 ) |
412 ( 4.4 ) |
482 ( 5.0 ) |
615 ( 5.4 ) |
||
4.5 – 10 |
32,268 ( 79.1 ) |
8104 ( 79.0 ) |
7306 ( 78.6 ) |
7760 ( 79.7 ) |
9098 ( 79.2 ) |
||
> 10 |
6495 ( 15.9 ) |
1652 ( 16.1 ) |
1577 ( 17.0 ) |
1489 ( 15.3 ) |
1777 ( 15.5 ) |
||
New York Heart Association Class III / IV |
6512 ( 16.0 ) |
1613 ( 15.7 ) |
1312 ( 14.1 ) |
1642 ( 16.9 ) |
1945 ( 16.9 ) |
< 0.001 |
0 |
Previous myocardial infarction |
16,496 ( 40.5 ) |
4192 ( 40.9 ) |
3861 ( 41.5 ) |
3856 ( 39.6 ) |
4587 ( 39.9 ) |
0.025 |
0 |
First cardiac surgery |
37,741 ( 92.6 ) |
9471 ( 92.3 ) |
8582 ( 92.3 ) |
9060 ( 93.1 ) |
10,628 ( 92.5 ) |
0.11 |
0 |
Ejection fraction , median |
58.0 [ 49.0, 63.0 ] |
58.0 [ 48.0, 63.0 ] |
57.5 [ 48.0, 63.0 ] |
58.0 [ 50.0, 63.0 ] |
58.0 [ 50.0, 63.0 ] |
< 0.001 |
1.5 |
Ejection fraction |
< 0.001 |
0 |
|||||
< 40 |
5317 ( 13.0 ) |
1393 ( 13.6 ) |
1350 ( 14.5 ) |
1235 ( 12.7 ) |
1339 ( 11.7 ) |
||
40 – 50 |
4802 ( 11.8 ) |
1243 ( 12.1 ) |
1116 ( 12.0 ) |
1141 ( 11.7 ) |
1302 ( 11.3 ) |
||
50 – 60 |
13,732 ( 33.7 ) |
3127 ( 30.5 ) |
3133 ( 33.7 ) |
3354 ( 34.5 ) |
4118 ( 35.8 ) |
||
60 |
16,926 ( 41.5 ) |
4498 ( 43.8 ) |
3696 ( 39.8 ) |
4001 ( 41.1 ) |
4731 ( 41.2 ) |
||
Number of diseased vessel ( 3 or more ) |
20,677 ( 50.7 ) |
5196 ( 50.6 ) |
4769 ( 51.3 ) |
5043 ( 51.8 ) |
5669 ( 49.3 ) |
0.002 |
0 |
Current smoker |
7728 ( 19.0 ) |
1851 ( 18.0 ) |
1878 ( 20.2 ) |
1836 ( 18.9 ) |
2163 ( 18.8 ) |
0.002 |
0 |
Cardiogenic shock |
1247 ( 3.1 ) |
335 ( 3.3 ) |
283 ( 3.0 ) |
298 ( 3.1 ) |
331 ( 2.9 ) |
0.44 |
0 |
Status |
< 0.001 |
0 |
|||||
Elective |
21,504 ( 52.7 ) |
5281 ( 51.5 ) |
4557 ( 49.0 ) |
5326 ( 54.7 ) |
6340 ( 55.2 ) |
||
Urgent |
17,625 ( 43.2 ) |
4544 ( 44.3 ) |
4324 ( 46.5 ) |
4035 ( 41.5 ) |
4722 ( 41.1 ) |
||
Emergent / emergent salvage |
1648 ( 4.0 ) |
436 ( 4.2 ) |
414 ( 4.5 ) |
370 ( 3.8 ) |
428 ( 3.7 ) |
||
Morbidity / mortality |
|||||||
Major morbidity (%) |
6240 ( 34.2 ) |
1508 ( 33.3 ) |
1553 ( 36.3 ) |
1418 ( 33.2 ) |
1761 ( 34.0 ) |
0.008 |
0 |
Operative mortality (%) |
1349 ( 3.3 %) |
321 ( 3.1 %) |
339 ( 3.6 %) |
331 ( 3.4 %) |
358 ( 3.1 %) |
0.12 |
0 |