The Ingenieur Vol. 65 Water Power | Page 38

INGENIEUR operating costs for businesses, and is particularly beneficial for MSMEs. In view of these potential contributions of e-Commerce to support regional economic integration in ASEAN, ASEAN shall intensify cooperation on e-Commerce building upon Article 5 of e-ASEAN Framework Agreement adopted by ASEAN Leaders in November 2000, with a view to develop an ASEAN Agreement on e-Commerce to facilitate cross-border e-Commerce transactions in ASEAN. These could include, but are not limited to, strategic measures such as putting in place the following: (i) Harmonised consumer rights and protection laws; (ii) Harmonised legal framework for online dispute resolution, taking into account available international standards; (iii) Inter-operable, mutually recognised, secure, reliable and user friendly e -identification and authorisation (electronic signature) schemes; and (iv) Coherent and comprehensive framework for personal data protection. Energy With a strategic theme “Enhancing energy connectivity and market integration in ASEAN to achieve energ y security, accessibility, affordability and sustainability for all,” the ASEAN Plan of Action for Energy Co-operation (APAEC) 2016-2025 will be implemented in two phases, namely, Phase I from 2016-2020 and Phase II from 2021-2025. Strategic measures include the following: ASEAN Power Grid (APG): Initiate multilateral electricity trade in at least one sub-region in ASEAN by 2018; Trans-ASEAN Gas Pipeline (TAGP): Enhance connectivity within ASEAN for energy security and accessibility via pipelines and re-gasification terminals; Coal and Clean Coal Technology: Enhance the image of coal in ASEAN through promotion of clean coal technologies (CCT) as well as increase the number of CCT projects by 2020; Energy Efficiency and Conservation: Reduce energy intensity in ASEAN by 20% as a mediumterm target in 2020 and 30% as a long-term target in 2025, based on 2005 level; 6 36 VOL - MARCH 2016 VOL65 55JANUARY JUNE 2013 Renewable Energy (RE): Increase the component of RE to a mutually agreed percentage number in the ASEAN Energy Mix (Total Primary Energy Supply) by 2020; Regional Policy and Planning: Better profile the ASEAN energy sector internationally through an annual publication on ASEAN Energy Cooperation; and Civilian Nuclear Energy: Build capabilities on nuclear energy, including nuclear regulatory systems, amongst officials in ASEAN Member States. Strengthening the Role of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises MSMEs are the backbone of the ASEAN economies. However, globalisation, advances in technologies and communications, trade liberalisation and the evolution of the production processes pose challenges which need to be better addressed as ASEAN continues to deepen its economic integration. Work has to be focused mainly on enhancing networking, information flows and capacity building for Government agencies working on issues and capabilities building in the following dimensions: access to finance, technology and innovation, markets, human resource development and enabling policy and regulatory environment. A more structured and targeted MSME programme will be instituted to enhance MSME competitiveness, resilience and to enable greater benefits from ASEAN integration. Initiatives towards an improved conducive policy environment for MSMEs and enhanced market-related measures are required to support these objectives, and to drive MSME productivity and innovation as well as inclusive and equitable development, and gender opportunities for micro enterprises and SMEs. In meeting these aspirations for a globally competitive and innovative MSME sector that is seamlessly integrated into the ASEAN community and contributes to inclusive development, the following strategic measures will have to be implemented: (i) Promote productivity, technology and innovation through measures to enhance MSME productivity by understanding key trends in productivity; build industry clusters through industrial linkages,